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Some of Herbs That are Toxic 有毒的傳統藥物
by:
Joe
Hing Kwok Chu
按此看中文
The following is a warning
on toxicity of certain herbs. It is not a complete list. The maximum dosages
listed are just the opinion of the editor. It should not be interpreted as the
absolute amount. The weight is in metric measurement of grams. (Note:
many of the listings are much less than a gram). Some patients are more sensitive
to certain herbs and some have more tolerance for some other herbs. For example,
bai guo (
ginkgo biloba) is very
toxic to young children. Small children of few years old have died from taking
just less than ten pieces of bai guo seeds (ginkgo biloba). Adults seldom are
affected by the toxicity of bai guo but it does not mean it will not happen.
The author has known of cases where three or four people have consumed a porridge
containing a 15 ounce can of bai guo (ginkgo seeds) without ill
effect. Cooking can hydrolyze the cyanide in bai guo but the toxin in bai guo
(ginkgo) is found in the substance called "bai guo neutral substance" which
is absorbed by the intestines and affects the central nervous system. The list
of herbs is included here for reference in your professional practice
.
Traditionally, in China,
the acceptable practice is that the herb doctors prescribe the formulae and
the patients keep the copies and buy the herb at the herb stores of their choice.
This practice prevents conflict of interest and it shows that you, the practitioner,
can stand up for your prescription. If patients keep copies of the prescribed
formulae, it is easier to keep track of the herbs being used.
To see the Latin botanical
names go to the
herb
dictionary, and select the the letter of the herb in pinyin to open
the file. Some herbs might not be in the dictionary. If you cannot find it,
you can email the the
research librarian here. The Japanese and Korean pronunciations are
not included in the table because it is easier for the Japanese and Korean practitioners
to read the Chinese characters (or kanji) and more accurately than reading the
Roman alphabet's pronunciations which sometime might create misunderstanding.
A separate table of Korean and Japanese pronunciations will be provided separately
for the westerners for research purposes only. Although pinyin is the
official Chinese Romanized pronunciation of Chinese characters, to avoid misunderstanding,
Chinese characters should be used when prescribing herbs.
For complete Latin Names use
the
Chinese
Herb Dictionary. More links will be gradually uploaded.
|
Pinyin
|
Chinese
|
Latin or Chemical Name
|
Normal dosage/Maximum_dosage
Click on herb for
usual dosage
|
Note
|
|
ai di cha
|
矮地茶
|
Ardisia japonica
Bl.
|
|
|
|
ba dou
|
巴豆
|
Croton tiglium
L.
|
0.15～0.3
g
|
|
|
ba jiao feng
|
八角楓
|
Alangium chinense (Lour.) Rehder
|
39g, some toxicity
|
|
|
bai guo
|
白
果
|
Gingko biloba,
L.
|
69g, some toxicity
|
|
|
bai hua cai zi
|
白花菜子
|
|
36g, some toxicity
|
|
|
bai qu cai
|
白屈菜 (大
白屈菜)
|
Chelidonium
majus
|
918g, some toxicity
|
|
|
bai
li lu chun
|
白藜蘆醇
|
resveratrol,
(3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene)
|
some toxicity |
This chemical is found in various traditional herbs. |
|
bai
tou weng
|
白 頭 翁
|
Anemone chinensis,
Benze Pulsatila nuttalliana, Spreng.
Pulsatila daurica,
Spreng.
|
some toxicity
|
|
|
bai
zhi
|
白
芷
|
Angelica dahurica (Fisc.) Benth. et Hook.
f. or Angelica
dahurica (Fish.) ex Hook. f. var. Angelica
taiwaniana
(Boiss.) Shan et Yuan
|
some toxicity
|
|
|
bi ma zi
|
萆 麻 子
|
Ricinus communis, L.
|
external use, toxic
|
|
|
bi shi
|
砒 石
|
Arsenolite,
|
do not exceed 0.1g
|
|
|
bi xiang
|
砒 霜
|
Arsenic trioxide, As2O3
|
0.003~0.015g
|
|
|
bu gu zhi
|
補 骨 脂
|
Psoralea corylifolia L.
|
|
|
|
cang er zi
|
蒼 耳 子
|
Xanthium strumarium
L
|
|
|
|
cao wu
|
草烏
|
Aconitum carmichaeli
Debx
|
|
|
|
chan su
|
蟾 酥
|
Bufo bufo
asiaticus Steina Chner.
|
0.015 g to 0.03 g. highly toxic.
|
|
|
chang chun hua
|
長春花
|
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don
|
915g, some toxicity
|
|
|
chang shan
|
常 山
|
Dichroa febrifuga Lour
|
4.59g, some toxicity
|
|
|
chuan lian zi
|
川 楝 子
|
Melia toosendan
Sieb. et Zucc.
|
4.512g, some toxicity
|
|
|
chuan xiong
|
川 芎
|
Ligusticum chuanxiong
Hort.; L. wallichii Franch.
|
some toxicity
|
|
|
da bai qu
cai
|
大白屈菜 (白
屈菜)
|
Chelidonium
majus
|
some toxicity
|
|
|
da feng zi
|
大 楓 子
|
Hydnocarpus alpina, Wright.
|
0.31g, toxic
|
|
|
da qing ye
|
大青葉
|
Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Brem.,Isatis tinctoria
L. or Isatis indigotica Fort
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
ding xiang
|
丁香
|
Syzygium aromaticum（L.）Merr.
et Perry
Eugenia aromatica
Baillon; Caryophyllus aromatica
L.; Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
ding gong teng
|
丁公藤
|
Erycibe laevigata
Wall. |
36g, some toxicity
|
|
|
fang ji
|
防 己
|
guang fang ji (guang dong
mu fang ji): aristolochia fangchi, Wu (the toxic type)
|
Do not use guang fang. .
|
|
|
gan sui
|
甘 遂
|
Euphorbia kansui T.
|
|
|
|
gou wen
|
鉤 吻 ， 大茶葉
|
Gelsemium elegans
Benth.
|
external use (careful) , very toxic
|
Other
name: duan chang cao, huang teng.
|
|
gua di
|
瓜 蒂
|
Cucumis melo L. (stems)
|
0.6－1.5
g
|
|
|
guan
mu
tong
|
關木
通
|
Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis;
Aristolochia debilis
|
Do not use.
|
|
|
guan zhong
|
貫眾
|
Cyrtomium fortunei
|
4.59g, toxic
|
|
|
guang ci gu
|
光 慈姑
|
Tulipa edulis Baker
|
39g, some toxicity
|
|
|
guang
fang ji
|
廣防己
|
aristolochia fangchi, Wu
|
Do not use.
|
|
| gui
jiu |
鬼臼
|
Podophyllum
emodi Wall, var. chinensis Sprague |
in decoction:
3 to 10 grams |
|
|
hai ma
|
海馬
|
- Hippocampus
kelloggi Jordanet Snvder 克氏海馬
- Hippocampus histrix Kaup刺海馬
- Hippocampus kuda Bleeker 大海
馬
- Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach班海馬
- Hippocampus japonicus Kaup 日本海馬
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
he shi
|
鶴 虱
|
Carpesium abrotanoides, L
|
39g, some toxicity
|
|
|
hong fan
|
紅 礬
|
-
Na2Cr2O7（
重鉻酸鈉、紅礬鈉）
-
K2Cr2O7
（重鉻酸鉀 紅礬鉀）
|
|
|
|
hua jia
|
花椒
|
Zanthoxylum bungeanun
Maxin.
|
25g, some toxicity
|
|
|
ji xing zi
|
急性子
|
Impatiens balsamina L.
|
412g, some toxicity
|
|
|
jia zhu tao
|
夾竹桃
|
Nerium odorum,
Solaud.
Nerium incidum,
Mill
|
toxic
|
|
|
jin yin gen
|
金櫻根
|
Rosa laevigata Michx.
|
|
|
|
ku lian pi
|
苦楝皮
|
Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc.
|
4.59g, some toxicity
|
|
|
ku shen
|
苦参
|
Sophora
flavescens.
Ait.
|
10 to 20 g; concentrated extract: 0.5 to 2 g.
|
|
|
la mei gen
|
臘梅根
|
Meratia praecox Rehd. et Wils
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
lang du
|
狼 毒
|
Euphorbia fischeriana
|
0.91.5g. Toxic
|
Usually
it is not taken internally.
|
|
lei gong teng
|
雷公藤
|
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.
|
very toxic
|
|
|
lei wan
|
雷 丸
|
Polyporus mylittae Cook. et Mass
|
36g, some toxicity
|
|
|
li lu
|
藜 蘆
|
Veratrum nigrum
L.
|
0.3 1g. Toxic
|
other
name: shan cong
|
|
liang dang zi
|
良菪子
|
Hyoscyamus niger L. (seed)
|
0.060.6g. Very toxic
|
other
name: tian xian zi
|
|
long kui
|
龍 葵
|
Solanum nigrum L.
|
930g, some toxicity
|
|
|
lu hui
|
蘆薈
|
Aloe vera L.
|
|
|
|
ma dou ling
|
馬兜玲
|
Aristolochia debilis Sieb et Zucc;
Aristolochia sinarum linde.;
Aristolochia contorta
Bge
|
|
|
|
man tou luo hua
|
曼陀羅花
|
Datura stramonium
L
|
|
|
|
mi ke (ying su ke)
|
米殼 (罌粟 殼)
|
Papaver Somniferum
L. (shells of opium popy seeds)
|
used in tea: 9g, toxic
|
Other
names: fu rong,
|
|
mian hua zi
|
棉 花子
|
Gossypiμm herbaceμm L (seed)
|
|
|
|
ming fan, bai fan
|
白礬
﹐明礬
|
Alumen
|
0.3 g to 3 g in pills
or powder.
|
|
|
ming teng
|
銘 藤
|
|
|
|
|
mu bie zi
|
木蟞子
|
Momordica cochinchinensis
(Lour.) Spreng.
|
0.91.2g. Toxic
|
Usually
it is not taken internally. Other name: tu mu bie, fang ba
|
|
guang
fang ji
|
廣防己
|
aristolochia fangchi, Wu
|
|
|
|
gui jiu
|
鬼臼﹐ 桃兒七
|
Podophyllum emodi Wall var.
chinensis Sprague
|
in decoction: 3 to 10 g
|
|
|
nao yang hua
|
鬧羊花
|
Rhododendri Mollis
|
0.30.6g, some toxicity
|
|
|
nong ji li
|
農吉利
|
Crotalaria sessiliflora Linn
|
915g, some toxicity
|
|
|
qian dan
|
鉛 丹
|
Pb304 (chemical formula
of red lead)
|
|
|
|
qian li guang
|
千里光
|
Senecio scandens Buch. -Ham
|
|
|
|
qian niu zi
|
牽牛子
|
Pharbitis nil, Choisy.
|
39g, (in powder form: 1.53g) toxic
|
|
|
qing fen
|
輕 粉
|
Mercurous chloride;Mercury monochloride;Mercury
subchloride
|
|
|
|
shan ci gu
|
山 慈菇
|
Cremastra variabilis (Bl.)Nakai; or
Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe
|
3 to 6 g
|
|
|
she du
|
蛇毒
|
|
|
|
|
ba dou (raw)
|
生巴豆
|
Croton tiglium L. -
unprocessed herb
|
0.10.3g (raw ba dou)
|
It
is better to degrease first
|
|
sheng
bai fu zi
|
生 白附子
|
Typhonium giganteum
Engl.L.
- unprocessed herb
|
3g some toxicity
|
|
|
sheng
ban
xia (raw)
|
生半
夏
|
Pinellia ternata
(Thunb.) Breit L. - unprocessed
herb
|
1.53g, some toxicity
|
|
|
sheng
da ji
(raw)
|
生大
戟
|
Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.; or
Knoxiavalerianoides Thorel ex Pitard L. - (unprocessed
herb)
|
1.53g. Toxic
|
Two
varieties: hong da ji, dosage: 1.53g; jing da jI, dosage: 0.31 g.
|
|
sheng
fu zi
(raw)
|
生附
子
|
Aconitum carmichaeli
Debx.
L. - unprocessed herb
|
3 g. Toxic
|
Side
roots are called fu zi. Those without side root are called tian xiong.
|
|
sheng gan sui (raw)
|
生甘遂
|
Euphorbia sieboldiana M. et. D. (raw)
|
0.51.2g. Toxic
|
other
name: gan gao, ling ze, ling hao, zhong ze,
zhu tian, gui chou
|
|
sheng gong
|
升 汞
|
mercury sulfide (HgS)
|
|
|
|
ma qian zi.
(raw)
|
生馬
前子
|
Strychnos nux-vomica
Linn.
|
0.3.06 g. Very toxic
|
other
name: fan mu bie
|
|
sheng shang lu (raw)
|
生商陸
|
Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.
var. esculenta.﹔
var. Kaempferi.﹔
var. esculenta. (unprocessed herb)
|
1.53g
|
white
shang lu are being used in herb. For internal use prepare with wine.
|
|
sheng teng huang
|
生籐黃
|
Garcinia cambogia L. (unprocessed
herb)
|
0.030.06g, very toxic
|
|
|
sheng wu tou (raw)
|
生烏頭
|
Aconitum carmichaeli
Debx.
L. - (unprocessed herb)
|
Used as tea: 4.5g.
Used as dried powder: 1.5g.Very toxic
|
The
varieties: chuan wu, cao wu. cao wu is stronger and more toxic.
|
|
sheng yuan hua
|
生芫
花
|
Daphne genkwa,
Sieb. et. Zucc. (unprocessed herb)
|
1.53g. Toxic
|
other
names:
|
|
shi jun zi
|
使君子
|
Quisqualis indica,
L.
|
|
|
|
shi liu pi
|
石榴皮
|
Punica granatum.
L. (skin)
|
0.59g, toxic
|
|
|
tian gua di
|
甜瓜蒂
|
Cucumis melo L. (stem of fruit)
|
0.61.5 g. Toxic
|
Other
name: ku ding xiang, gua di.
|
|
tian hua fen
|
天花粉
|
Trichosanthes kirilowii, Maxim, or Trichosanthes
japonica, Regel.
|
9 - 15 g
|
|
|
tu bei mu
|
土貝母
|
Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
tu jin jie
|
土荆芥
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn．
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
tu niu xi
|
土牛膝
|
Achyranthes aspera L.
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
wan nian qing
|
萬年青
|
Rhodea japonica Roth.
|
35g. some toxicity
|
|
|
wang jiang nan zi
|
望江南子
|
Cassia occidentalis L.
|
some toxicity
|
|
|
wei ling xian
|
威靈仙
|
Clematis chinensis Osbeck, C hexapetala
Pall., or C. uhcinata Champ.
|
6 - 12 g
|
|
|
wu gong
|
蜈蚣
|
Scolopendra subspinipes
Leach
|
|
|
|
xi shu
|
喜 樹
|
Camptotheca acuminata
|
fruit: 39g. bark or root: 915g, toxicity
|
|
|
xi xin
|
細 辛
|
Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schumidt
var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag
|
0.4 to 4 g
|
|
|
xian mao
|
仙 茅
|
Curculigo orchioides
Gaertn
|
39g, some toxicity
|
|
|
xiang si zi
|
相思子
|
Abrus precatorius L
|
2.44.5g, some toxicity
|
|
|
xing ren
|
杏仁
|
Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.;
P. armeniaca L.
|
39g, some toxicity
|
|
|
xiong huang
|
雄黃
|
( Realgar)
|
0.15 g to 0.6 g in pills or powders
|
|
|
xu sui zi
|
續隨子
|
Euphorbia lathyris, L.
|
0.52g , toxic
|
other
names﹕ qian jin zi, lian bu. After deoiled it is called qian xiang.
|
|
xue lian
|
雪蓮
|
Saussurea
involucrata
|
0.61.5g, some toxicity
|
|
|
xue shang yi zhi hao
|
雪上一枝蒿
|
Aconitum anthora, L.
|
0.02g, very toxic
|
|
|
yu dan
|
鱼 膽
|
(fish gall bladder)
|
|
|
|
ya dan zi
|
鴉膽子
|
Brucea javanica
(L.) Merri.
|
0.52g, some toxicity
|
|
|
yang jin hua
|
洋金 花
|
Datura metel L.
|
0.30.6g, very toxic
|
|
|
yi mu cao,
|
益母草
|
Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet
|
9 ~ 30 g
|
|
|
ying su ke (mi ke)
|
罌粟殼 (米 殼)
|
Papaver Somniferum
L. (shells of opium popy seeds)
|
|
|
|
yu can
|
玉 朁
|
|
36g, toxic
|
|
|
zao jiao
|
皂角
|
Gleditschia horrida,
Makio.
|
1 to 1.5 g daily. For decoction: 1.5 to
5 g.
|
|
|
zao
xiu
|
蚤休(七葉一枝 花)
|
Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hare
|
510g, some toxicity
|
|
|
ze xie
|
澤瀉
|
Alisma orientale (Sam.)Juzep.(a.plantago-aquaticaL.var.orientale
Sam.)
|
39g, some toxicity
|
|
|
zhan di feng
|
鉆地風
|
Flemingia philippinensis Merr.et
Rolfe; Moghania philippinensis (Merr.et
Rolfe) Li
|
toxic
to kidneys
|
|
|
zhao shan bai
|
照山白
|
Rhododendron micranthum
Turcz
|
34.5g, some toxicity
|
|
|
zhu sha
|
朱 砂
|
mercury sulfide
|
toxic to kidneys
|
|
|
zi bei tian
ku
|
紫背天葵
|
Begonia fimbristipula
Hance
|
915g, some toxicity
|
|
|
zu si ma
|
祖司麻
|
Daphne giraldii Nitsche
|
36g, some toxicity
|
|
Also
see a new page on
herbs toxic
to the kidneys
Back
to
Chinese
Herb Dictionary.
The
formulae listed below may contain the toxic type of
mu tong
or
fang ji.
Consult your local regulations before using them.
-
Ba Zheng San
八正散 (contains
mu tong)
-
Chun Yang Zheng Ji Wan 純陽正氣丸
(contains
qing mu xiang)
-
Da Huang Qing Wei Wan 大黃清胃丸
(contains guan
mu tong)
-
dang gui si
ni tang 當歸四逆湯 (contains
mu tong and
xi xin)
-
Mu Xiang Dao Chi Wan
木香導滯丸 (contains mu xiang
and may be confused with
qing mu xiang)
-
Die
Da Wan 跌打丸 (some Die Da Wan formulae contain
mu tong
or fang ji)
-
Guan Xin Siu He Ge Wan 冠心秀
克閤丸 (contains qing
mu xiang)
-
Ji Sheng Ju He Wan 濟生橘 核丸
(contains
mu tong and
hou po)
-
Kat Kit Wan 解結前列丸
(contains
mu tong)
-
Quell Fire Shi Xiang Fan
Shen Wan
十香翻身 (返
神)丸
Xin Yi Wan
心怡丸
Click
here for herbs that may cause skin allergy.
香港中醫藥
委員會列出三十一種毒性較高的藥物：
鬼臼, 生川烏, 生草 烏, 生附子, 天雄,
生白附子, 砒石/砒 霜, 雄黃, 雌黃,
水銀, 紅粉/紅 升丹, 朱砂, 輕粉, 白降丹, 生馬錢子, 生半夏,
生南星, 生巴豆, 斑蝥, 青娘子 , 紅娘子, 生甘遂, 生狼 毒, 生藤黃, 生天仙子,
生千金子, 鬧羊花, 雪上一枝蒿, 蟾酥 , 洋金花, 山豆根 .
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