Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Secreto Bufonis |
Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor中華大蟾蜍 Bufo bufo melanostictua Schneider黑 眶蟾蜍 。 |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | senso |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | somso |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | chan su 蟾酥 、cu qiu 促秋、qiu shi 秋施、qiu cu 菊促、ku long 苦龍、he pi 何皮、lai ge ma 癩蛤蟆。 |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | toad venom |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | Most area in China. Mainly produced in Hebei, Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces. 全國大部分地區都有分布，主產於河北、山東、四川、湖南、江蘇、浙江等地。 |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | acrid, warm, toxic. 辛，溫。有毒。 |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | heart, kidney, stomach 腎， 胃，心經。 |
| Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | |
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | - For food poisoning with stomach pain and bloating, vomiting with diarrhea, even fainting. Usually combine with she xiang, ding xiang, cang zhu, like formula called chan su wan.
- For bunacles, scofula, painful and swollen throat and various kinds of toothache: combine with xiong huang, ku fan, zhu sha etc. Make into pills the sizes of mung beans. Take five pills each time with decoction of white portions of green onion. For scarlet fever usually combine with niu huang, xiong huang, bing pian, like liu shen wan.
- Being used in various types of cancer, like liver cancer, intestine cancer, leukemia, skin cancer etc. Taking orally or external application have been successful to certain degree, according to some reports.
- Being used in respiratory and in circulatory exhaustion. It possesses the effect of raising blood pressure for long time. It also possesses respiratory stimulating effect.
1. 用於痧脹腹痛，吐瀉，神昏。飲食不潔所致的痧脹腹痛、吐瀉不止、甚則昏厥 之証，常與麝香、丁香、蒼術等配伍，如蟾酥丸。
2. 用於惡瘡，瘰疬，咽喉腫痛及各種牙痛。與雄黃、 枯礬、朱砂等配伍，為丸綠豆大，每服五丸，蔥白湯下；如《外科正宗》蟾酥丸。治療爛喉丹痧(猩紅熱)、喉風、乳蛾及咽喉腫痛，常與牛黃、雄黃、冰片等 配伍，如六神九。
3. 治療各種癌腫，如用治肝癌、腸癌、白血病、皮膚癌等，內服或外用，均取得一定的療效。
4. 用於呼吸、循環衰竭，有迅速而持久的升壓作用，並有顯著的興奮呼吸作用。 |
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | 1. steroid type of cardiac stimulant there are more than 10 types, mostly are the product of the drying process of chan su, like cinobufagin, about 5%, resibufogenin RBG, 2. Indole type of alkaloidsbufotenine, bufotenidine, dehydrobufotenine, bufothionine, and serotonin etc. Also contain sterole, epinephrine and different animo acid. 1. 強心甾體化合物為結構類似強心甙而有毒性的蟾毒配基類化合物，已知有10餘種，大多是干燥加 工過程中的分解產物，如華蟾毒配基（又名華蟾毒精cinobufagin）約5%，脂蟾毒 配基（resibufogenin RBG）約3.4%，蟾毒靈約1.8%，羥基華蟾毒基 約1.6%，蟾毒配質 (bufotalin) 約1.5%，遠華蟾毒基 (telocinobufagin) 約1.4%及海 蟾蜍精 (marinobufagin) 等；另含洋地黃毒甙元、沙門甙元等。上述蟾毒配基常在C3與辛二酰精氨酸、庚二酰精氨酸、丁二酰精氨酸、辛二酸、硫酸等結合成酯類，統稱為蟾毒類 ，多存在於加工前 的蟾蜍分泌物中。蟾酥中蟾毒配基和蟾毒的種類及含量，可因原動物、產地、採制時間和方法不同而有差異。 2. 吲哚類生物鹼 主要有蟾酥鹼 (bufotenine) 、蟾酥甲鹼 (bufotenidine) 、去氫蟾酥鹼 (dehydrobufotenine) 、蟾酥硫鹼 (bufothionine) 及5-羥色胺 等。 此外，含有甾醇類、腎上腺素及多種氨基酸。 |
Dosage: 用量﹕ | Use appropriate amount externally or mix with plaster and apply to affected areas. To take orally: 0.015 to 0.03g. (highly toxic). 外用適量，研末調敷或入膏藥內貼患處。內服0.015～0.03g，入丸散。 |
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | liu shen wan 六神丸 |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | |
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | Not to be taken during pregnancy. In externally application, avoid getting into the eyes. As antidote, make decoction with gan cao 30 g, bai ji 30 g and take orally. 孕婦忌服。外用時注意不可入目。若 中毒時，可用甘 草30克 、白芨片30克煎服解之。
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