| Pomegranate Peel, shi liu pi 石榴皮 (in English and Chinese 中英文) Translated and edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Pericarpium Granati | Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Punica granatum L. | Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | sekiryuhi | Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | songnyupi | Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | sek6 lau4 pei4 | Other Names: 別名﹕ | xie liu pi 榭榴皮，an shi lu pi 安石榴皮，shi lu ke 石榴殼，xi lu pi 西榴皮，suan lu pi 酸榴皮。 | Common Name: 英文名﹕ | pomegranate peel, pomegranate husk. | Distribution: 產地﹕ | throughout China. 全中國各地。 | Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | sour, tart, warm, slightly toxic. 酸，澀，溫，有小毒。 | Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | large intestine. 大腸經。 | | Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | the alkaloid of Pericarpium Granati can kill tape worms. Pericarpium Granati can lower the rate of pregnancy of animals. The water extract of Pericarpium Granati and root can promote blood coagulation. Pericarpium Granati possesses antibiotic effect :Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and various skin fungi Pericarpium Granati can inhibit the virus of influenza. Pericarpium Granati can inhibit candida albicans [3] 石榴皮鹼對絛虫有殺滅作用。 石榴的果皮粉可減少動物受孕率。 根皮水浸泡液可促進血液凝固。 石榴皮有抗菌作用：傷寒杆菌，痢疾杆菌，結核杆菌，綠膿杆菌及各種皮膚真菌均有抑制作用 石榴皮有抗流感病毒作用。 石榴皮有抑制白色念珠球菌作用。【3】 | Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | - being used in chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, with bleeding. Use charred Pericarpium Granati to arrest bleeding.
- parasite and abdomen pain. Being used as anthelmintics.
- external application for neurodermatitis, yeast infection of the mouth.
- the root of shi liu tree (Punica granatum L.) is being used more frequently in getting rid of parrasites.
- 治久瀉久痢，腸滑不禁，而有崩漏出血。治出血用石榴皮炭。
- 用於虫積腹痛，常用為驅蟲藥。
- 外用可治牛皮癬，口部念珠球菌感染等。
- 石榴根較為常用於驅蟲。
| Chemical ingredients:[6] 化學成份﹕[6] | 果皮含鞣質（tannin)10.4%，蠟（wax)0.8%，樹脂肪（resin)4.5%，D-甘露醇（D-mannitol)1.8%，粘液質（mucilage)0.6%，沒食子酸（galic acid)4.0%，蘋果酸（malic acid)、果膠（pectin)和草酸鈣（calcium oxalate)4.0%，樹膠（gum)3.2%，菊糖（inulin)1.0%，非結晶糖2.7%[1]。從鞣質中分得：石榴皮苦素（granatin)A、B[2]，石榴皮鞣質（punicalin)，2，3-O-連二沒食子酰石榴皮鞣質（punicalagin)[3]。果皮還含反油酸（elaidic aicd)，異槲皮甙（isoquercetrin)[5]，矢車菊素-3-葡萄糖甙cyanidin-3-glucoside)，矢車菊素-3，5-二葡萄糖（cyanindin-3，-5-diglucosede)，啼紋天竺素-3-葡萄糖甙（pelargonidin-3-glucoside)，啼紋天竺素-3，5-二葡萄糖甙（pelargonidin-3，5-diglucoside)[6]。又從果皮的甲醇提取物中分得四聚沒食子酸（tetrameric gallic acid)，有抑制碳酸脫氫酶的活性。
果皮、莖皮、樹皮均含生物鹼，已分離出：石榴皮鹼（pelletierine, punicine)，異石榴皮鹼（isopelletierine)，偽石榴皮鹼（pseudopelletierine)，N-甲基異石榴皮鹼（N-methy lisopelletie-rine)[8,9]等。又從樹皮所含鞣質中分離出：石榴皮鞣質,2,3-O-連二沒食子酰石榴皮鞣質，2-O-沒食子酰-4，6-（s,s)並沒食子酸連二沒食子酰-D-葡萄糖[2-O-galloyl-4，6）s,s)-gallgyl-D-glu-cose]，2，3-（s）-六羥基聯苯二甲酰基-D-葡萄糖[2，3-（s）-hexahy-droxydiphenoyl-D-葡萄糖[6-O-galloyl-2，3-(s)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose]，長A、B、C、D ，石榴皮葡萄糖酸（punigluconin)，木麻黃鞣質（cacortein)，木麻黃鞣寧（casuarinin_[11]。 | Dosage: 用量﹕ | 3~9 g | Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | For treatment of neurodermatitis: charred Pericarpium Granati 1 part, sesame oil 2 parts. Mix into paste and apply with a brush to affected area., twice a day. [1] For treatment of trush (oral infection of Candida): Pericarpium Granati (promegranate peel) 10 g, beng da wan 15 g. Add 800 c.c. of water and simmer for 45 minute. Rinse mouth with decoction. Pomegranate has proven fungicidal and wound-healing properties. Topically applied extracts of pomegranate peel: For scalding and burns: Pericarpium Granati grind into powder, add bing pian and sesame oil. Mix into paste and apply with a brush.[2] 治牛皮癬：石榴皮（炒炭），研細末1份，麻油2份，調成糊狀。用時將藥油搖勻，以毛筆蘸藥勻塗患處，每日2次。[1] 治口部念珠球菌感染：石榴皮10 克，崩大碗 15 克，加水800 毫升。慢火煎45分鐘。用煎汁嗽口。 治湯火傷：石榴皮研末，加冰片，麻油調勻外敷。 [2] | Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | Toxicity of the fruit hydroalcoholic extract only occurred at a higher traditional dosage in folk medicine. [4] The fruit extract or compounds derived from it may inhibit cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis and may also be a useful nutritive supplement for maintaining joint integrity and function.[5] 石榴的酒精與水的提取物的有毒的劑量是比傳統的劑量大。[4] 石榴的提取物或其化合物能抑制關節炎之軟骨退化，也可能是一種有用的營養補充食品作為維持關節的完整與功能。【5】 | Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | Occasionally with normal dosage of Pericarpium Granati (promegranate peel) it can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, spasm in the lower legs. Long term usage can cause necrosis of the center of lobule of liver, fatty liver, cirrhosis. In clinical application, if the above symptoms appear, stop using the herb. If the symptoms are serious, apply symptomatic treatment. This herb is not suitable for long term usage. Over dosage of Pericarpium Granati (promegranate peel) can also cause dilated pupils mydriasis), serious headache, exhaustion, and respiratory paralysis and death. Contraindication: this herb should not be used in diarrhea, abdomen pain, dysentery with blood, constipation caused by acute infection. Because of normal dosage of Pericarpium Granati (promegranate peel) can also cause toxic reaction, the herb should not be the first choice in treatment selection. 石榴皮常規用量服用偶可出現惡心，嘔吐，腹瀉，頭痛，眩暈，耳鳴，小腿痙攣。長期服用會造成肝小葉中心壞死，脂肪肝，肝硬化。臨床使用注意服用後的反應。如有上述症狀應停藥，重者須對症治療。本品不宜久服。 用量過大 除上述症狀外還會出現瞳孔散大，劇烈頭痛，衰竭，驚厥，呼吸麻痺而死亡。 藥不對証: 本品不宜用於邪熱盛，感染明顯的大便泄瀉，腹痛，痢疾膿血便以及大便秘結者。 因常規用量使用也會出現中毒反應，故臨床上盡量不首選該藥。
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[1] Edittion of Whole China New Therapy of Chinese herb Exhibition Material Selection 《全國中草藥新醫療法展覽會技術資料選編》 [2] Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxie, Qinghai Selected Chinese Herb《陝甘寧青中草藥選》 [3] Indian J Dent Res. 2010 Jul-Sep;21(3):334-6. [4] J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Dec;89(2-3):295-300. [5] J Nutr. 2005 Sep;135(9):2096-102. [6] Zhong Hua Ben Cao 中華本草
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