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Present
day application:
現 代應
用：
|
being used in high lipids, arteriosclerosis, and
hypertension.
現代用於高血脂症，動脈硬化性心臟病，高血壓病。
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Pharmaceutical
name:
英文藥名﹕
|
Crataegi Fructus
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Botanical name:
學名﹕
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Crataegus pinnatifida var.major
C. pinnatifida
Bge.ver.
major N.E.Br.
(山裏紅)
C. hupensis SARG. (湖北山楂)
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Pron. in Japanese:
日語發音﹕
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shanzashi
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Pron. in Korean:
韓語發音﹕
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sanza
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Pron. in Cantonese:
粵音﹕
|
saan1 zaa1
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Other Names:
別名 ﹕
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chi gua zi 赤瓜子，shu
zha 鼠楂，hou zha 猴楂，miao zha 茅楂，
yang huan qiu 羊還
球，tang qiu zi 棠球子，shan li guo 山裏果，
chi zao zi
赤棗子。
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Common Name:
英文名﹕
|
hawthorn fruit
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Distribution:
產地﹕
|
grown in northeastern and northern parts of China
and Shaanxi,
Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu provinces. Mainly produced
in Hebei,
Henan, Shandong, Liaoning provinces of China.
在中國東北，華北及陝西，河南，山東，江蘇等省區廣為栽培﹐
主產於河北，河南，山東，遼寧等省。
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Properties
(characteristics)﹕
性味﹕
|
sour, sweat, and slightly warm.
味酸，甘﹐性微溫。
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Channels (meridians)
entered:
歸經﹕
|
spleen, stomach and liver.
歸脾，胃，肝經。
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Medical functions:
藥理﹕
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Many
types of extract from shan zha possess：
-
cardiac
stimulant effect.
-
smaller
dosages possess hypotensive effect.
-
total
flavonoid can improve the amount of coronary circulation,
-
anti
lack of oxygen of cardiac muscles,
-
anti-arrhythmia.
Shan
zha solution can clearly lowering the blood cholesterol and triglyceride
also is obviously lower after using shan zha solution. The lipase of
shan zha can promote the resolution of fat and can help digestion.
The
decoction and alcohol extract of shan zha possess the effect of anti
the following bacteria: Shigella flexner, Shigella flexneri, Shigella
sonnei, protecbacteria and Escherichia coli. [1]
山楂的多種提取物有:
-
強心作用﹔
-
較小劑量有降血壓作用。
-
總黃
酮可增加冠脈流量﹐
-
抗實驗性心肌缺氧﹐
-
抗心律失常。
山楂浸膏:可使 血中膽固醇, 甘油三酯含量有明顯下降。
山楂中脂肪酸脢: 可促進脂肪分解﹔
山楂酸等:可
提高蛋白分解脢的活性﹐有幫助消化的作用。
山楂煎劑
和乙醇提取物有抗菌作用對 ：
均有抗菌作用。[1]
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Actions & Indications:
主治﹕
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being used in protein indigestion, flatulence, diarrhea
due to
pixu (spleen deficient),
amenorrhea due to
blood stasis
, postpartum blood
stasis, acute pain in chest and abdomen
area, pain in hernia, high lipids. For improving
digestion, use baked (stir fried) shan zha.
For getting rid of blood
stasis use raw shan zha.
用於肉食積滯，胃脘賬滿，瀉痢腹痛
，血
淤經閉，產後血
淤，
心腹刺痛，疝氣作痛；高血脂症。消
食化積﹐炒焦用﹐活血散瘀
宜生用。
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Chemical ingredients:
化學成份﹕
|
蘋果酸 (malic acid)，咖啡酸
(caffeic acid)，齊墩果酸 (oleanolic acid) ，山
楂酸 (crataegolic acid), 表兒茶精 (epicatechin), 槲皮素 (quercetin), 金絲桃甙
(hyperoside), 綠原酸 (chlorogenic acid), 枸櫞酸 (citric acid) 及其單甲酯 (citric
acid symmetrical monomethyl ester), 二甲酯 (citric acid symmetrical dimethyl
ester) 和三甲酯 (citric acid trimethyl ester), 蔗糖 (cane
sugar), 黃烷聚合物 (flavan polymers), 熊果酸 (ursolic acid)
，維生素C
(vitamin C)，
核黃素 (riboflavin (vitamin B2))，胡蘿蔔素
(carotene)等。
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Dosage:
用量﹕
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Generally 10 to 15 g. Large dosage can be 30 to 120g.
一般10～15g，
大剤量可用至30～120g
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Samples of formulae:
處方舉例﹕
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Indigestion (also called dyspepsia). Symptoms: fullness,
bloating,
burping, nausea, lack of appetite, or not easy to
defecate, foul
smelling stool. Make decoction with shan zha or make
into powder.
When combine shan zha with
shen qu,
mai ya,
zhi ke, bai zhu, the
effect on digestion can be stronger.
For
small children malnutrition due to erratic feeding. Syndrome:
yellowish face color, bulging abdomen, lack of appetite, or vomiting
after meal, or diarrhea with undigested food. Use shan zha with bian
dou, mu xiang, rou dou kou to strengthen digestion and rid of the
syndrome.
若飲食停滯﹐脘腹脹滿﹐嘈雜﹐噯氣﹐噁心厭食﹐或大便不爽﹐糞出臭穢﹐可單用山楂煮汁飲或研末吞服﹐如配
伍神
麴，麥
芽，枳
殼，白
朮等可加強消積化滯作用。
治小兒疳積﹐因乳食不節﹐損傷脾胃日久而面黃腹膨﹐不思飲食﹐或食入即吐﹐或瀉下挾有完穀﹐可與扁豆，木
香，肉荳蔻等配用以健脾消疳。
本品用於痢疾初起﹐下痢膿血﹐腹痛後重而無寒熱者﹐有消瘀化滯之功﹐可單用或與紅茶同煎服。
治產後瘀滯﹐惡露不淨﹐少腹疼痛﹐或與益母草，當
歸，川
芎等活血散瘀藥配用﹐或與蒲黃，蒨草
等活血止血藥 同用。
本品亦治經閉腹痛﹐常與當歸尾，紅花，香附等活血行氣藥配伍應用。
現代用於高血脂症，動脈硬化性心臟病，高血壓病都有一定療效。民間用鮮山楂大量零食﹐次晨再以檳榔煎服﹐
可排出完整絛蟲﹐治療絛蟲病。內服入煎劑用量9～12克﹐單味煎服可用至30克﹐研末吞服﹐3～6克。
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Modern Research:
現代研究﹕
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Toxicity & Cautions:
毒素與禁忌﹕
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Do not use in case of
pixu (spleen deficient)
without indigestion. Use with
care in cases of over abundance of stomach
acid, peptic
ulcers or
pregnancies (to avoid premature delivery).
脾
虛無食積不化者忌用。胃酸
過多及胃潰
瘍胃潰瘍患者慎服。孕婦慎服，以
避免早產。
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