Present Day Applications:

現代 應用﹕

There are reports that body builders are using this herb to improve result

through increasing testosterone. This herb may increase the luteinizing

hormone which helps the development of the corpus luteum in the female

and the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testis in

male.  See Caution.

有報導說，鍛煉肌肉健身者在使用白蒺藜來增加睪酮以提高鍛煉效果。

本品可能會增加女性的黃體生成， 在男性有助於睪丸間質細胞產生睪酮而

促進肌肉生長。

Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥名﹕

Biological name:

拉丁文學名﹕

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音 ﹕

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音 ﹕

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵音﹕

Other Names:

別名 ﹕

san jiao ding (literally: 3 legged nail) 三腳丁 ，san jiao hu

(litterally 3 legged tiger) 三腳虎 ，san jiao ma zai

(literally: 3 legged horse) 三腳馬仔。

Common Name:

外文名﹕

Puncturevine caltrop fruit, nettle fruit, puncture vine fruit, cathead fruit ,

yellow vine fruit, goathead fruit, and burra gokharu (Indian name).

Distribution:

產地﹕

Xizang, and along the Yangtze River of China.

產東北﹐華北﹐ 青海﹐西藏和長江流域等地。

Properties

(characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

bitter, acrid, neutral.

苦﹐辛，平。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經﹕

肝經。

藥理﹕

1. Anti-inflammatory effect:  water extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Inhibitory effect on the delayed type hypersensitivity is mainly achieved through the mid-term effect on the inhibition induced cell differentiation and formation.

2. Antihypertensive effect . Tribulus water extract , ethanol - water extract and 30 % ethanol leaching solution in anesthetized animals have antihypertensive effect. Its alkaloids had no effect on canine blood pressure , but can inhibit frog heart , water-soluble fraction with moderate antihypertensive effect. [ 1 ]

3. Diuretic effect. Tribulus terrestris is being used as a diuretic used in Indian folk medicine. In saline loading experiments in rats , the diuretic effect is not ideal. The diuretic effect of water extract of its ash content of the water extract and plant decoction , is mainly due to the presence of potassium . But some people think that in addition to potassium , the alkaloids have a diuretic effect. Clinically it is effective for patients with ascites and edema . [ 1 ]

4. Anti-acetylcholine effect . [ 1 ]

5. Anti-aging effect

6. Antibacterial

7. Anti-allergic

8. Treatment of vitiligo effect.

9. Anti- ischemic effect

10. Antibiotic effect: the plant can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. [ 1 ]

11. Anti-cholesterol effect: the crude saponins of Tribulus leaves can significantly reduce lab animal experimental hypercholesterolemia cholesterol levels , elevated lecithin / cholesterol ratio ;

12. Stimulate spermatogenesis in male rats , increased libido , improve fertility .

13. May be useful in mild to moderate cases of ED. [2] It possibly be the result of an increase in androgen and subsequent release of nitric oxide from the nerve endings innervating the corpus cavernosum.[3]

1. 刺蒺藜水提取物有抗炎作用。對遲發型變態反應的抑制作用主要是通過對抑制誘導期中的效應細胞的分化與形成而達致的。
   刺蒺藜有降壓作用。蒺藜水浸液、乙醇-水浸出液和30％乙醇浸出液對麻醉動物有降壓作用。其生物鹼部分對犬血壓無影響，但可抑制蛙心，水溶性部分有中度降壓作用。[1]

2. 刺蒺藜有一定的利尿作用。白蒺藜在印度民間作為利尿劑用；在鹽水負荷的大白鼠實驗中，利尿作用並不理想，其灰分的水提取物及植物煎劑的利尿作用，主要是由於鉀鹽的存在。但有人認為除了鉀鹽外，生物鹼部分有一定的利尿作用，臨床上對腹水及水腫病人有效。[1]

3. 刺蒺藜具有抗乙酰膽鹼作用。[1]

4. 刺蒺藜具有強壯與抗衰老作用。

5. 刺蒺藜具有抗菌、抗過敏及治療白癜風作用。

6. 蒺藜皂甙有明顯的抗心肌缺血作用。

7. 蒺藜植物提取物能抑制金黃色葡萄球菌、大腸桿菌的生長。[1]

8. 蒺藜莖葉粗皂苷能顯著降低實驗性高膽固醇症動物的膽固醇水平，升高卵磷脂/膽固醇比值；可明顯刺激雄性大鼠精子生成，增加性慾，提高生殖力。

9. 可能對治療輕度的陽痿有效。[2] 它可能是增加的雄激素，並從神經末梢支配海綿體，釋放一氧化氮的結果[3]。

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

Effective for soothing the liver to rid of depressed mood, invigorating blood 

to rid of pain, improving vision, stopping itchiness.

Being used in treatment of： achy loin due to deficiency, spermatorrhea,

 leukorrhea, headache, dizziness, pink eyes with tears, keratitis, cloudiness 

in cornea, chronic bronchitis with coughing, milk not flowing, itchiness, 

rash, bulging sensatiion in the rib cage, vitiligo, etc.

功效：有平肝解鬱，活血袪風，明目止癢之效。

治：虛勞腰痛 ， 遺精帶下 ， 頭痛 ，眩暈， 目赤多淚 ， 角膜炎，角膜雲翳，

咳逆肺痿 ， 癥結積聚 ， 乳閉不通 ， 皮膚瘙癢 ， 風疹 ， 胸脇脹悶，白癜風 。

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份﹕

Dosage:

用 量﹕

1. for decoction: 6 to 9 g. 
2. for external use: smash and apply or make into powder and sprinkle into affected parts.

1. 內服：6～9 克。
2. 外用：捣敷或研末撒。

Samples of formulae:

處方 舉例﹕

Modern Research:

現代研究﹕

Cautions:

禁忌﹕

use care in cases of blood deficient  and/or qixu (qi deficient)  and in cases of pregnancies.

Toxic re-actions:

1. overdose can cause toxic reaction: lack of energy, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, rapid respiration, skin purpura. In serious cases it can cause lung edema, and respiration exhaustion. It can also cause high iron content in red cells and result in asphyxiate.

2. There are allergic reaction of skin itchiness, rash and erythema after consuming the herb.

血虛,  氣虛及 孕婦慎服。

1.用量過大:用量 過大 會引起中毒反應，出現乏力﹐頭昏﹐噁心﹐嘔吐﹐心悸﹐氣急﹐皮膚青紫﹐嚴重者出現肺 水腫﹐呼吸衰竭。 亦可產生高鐵血紅蛋白而引起窒息。2.過敏反應:有報道服用白蒺藤後，出現皮膚瘙癢﹐丘疹﹐紅斑。