Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名：

Radix Stephaniae tetrandrae (han fang ji  石蟾蜍, 粉防己)

Radix aristolochiae fangchi (guang fang ji 廣防己)

Radix cocculus trilobus (mu fang ji 木防己)

Biological name:

拉丁名：

Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (fen fang ji 粉防己)

Aristolochia fangchi, Wu; (guang fang ji 廣防己﹐guangdong mu fang ji 廣東木防己)

Aristolochia westlandi, Hemsl. (guang fang ji 廣防己﹐guangdong mu fang ji 廣東木防己)

Cocculus trilobus DC.  (mu fang ji 木防己)

Sinomenium acutum var. cinerascens Rhed. et Wils. (mao fang ji 毛防己)

Dioloclisia chinensis Merriel (hua fang ji 華防已)

Menispermum dauricum De Candolle (bian fu ge 蝙 蝠葛)

Aristolochia mouppinensis Franchet (mo ping ma dou ling 穆坪馬兜鈴)

Aristolochia kaempferi Willdenow (da ye ma dou ling 大葉馬兜鈴)

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音：

boi

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音：

bang gi (fang ji 防己);

kwang bang gi (guang fang ji 廣防己)

Pron. in Cantonese:

粤語發音：

fong4 gei2

Common Name:

英文名：

stephania

Distribution:

分佈：

Han fang ji (fen fang ji) is distributed in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei provinces.

Guangdong mu fang ji (guang fang ji) is distributed in Guang Dong and Guang Xi provinces.

漢防己分佈於： 浙江，安徽，江西，湖北等省。

廣東木防己分佈 於：廣東和廣西等省。

Properties (characteristics):

性味：

Bitter in taste, acrid and very cold.

苦，辛，寒。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經：

bladder, spleen and kidney

膀胱，脾，腎。

Actions & Indications:

主治：

Usage: Japanese han fang ji is being used pain reliever: inflammation of nerves, stiffness of the shoulders, gouts and back pain. Chinese han fang ji is being used in Bell's palsy, asthma, edema (as an diuretics).

Mu fang ji is being used as diuretics for edema and for gonorrhea.

日本漢防己用于止痛：神經發炎，肩膀坚硬，痛風，背痛。

中國漢防己用于三叉神经痛，哮喘，水腫。

木防己作利尿驅水腫與淋病。

Medical Function:

药理：

Lab animals receiving sinomenin injections showed increase reflex functions, spasms and paralyzed and death.

Chinese han fang ji showed that it can regulate body temperature. Mu fang ji showed the properties of diuretics and relieve pain of nerve inflammation.

粉防己鹼是鈣 通道阻滯劑,對鈣激活鉀通道有雙向調節作用,對心血管系統除具有已熟知的抗高血壓、抗心律失常、擴張冠脈等作用外,還具有抗心肌缺血-再灌注損傷、抗肺動 脈高壓、抗血管平滑肌增殖、抗心肌細胞肥厚和調節心血管活性物質釋放等新型藥理作用

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份：

(1) . Han fang ji: chemicals consist of tetrandin C₃₈H₄₂N₂O₆ (中 國漢防己鹼)and fangchinoline C₃₇H₄₆N₂O₆.(防 己諾林鹼)

Han fang ji also is produced in Japan. Its chemicals consist of sinomenin C₁₉H₂₂NO₄ (鹽酸青藤鹼)

(2) Mu fang ji (木 防己) is distributed in Guang Dong and Guang Xi provinces. Its chemicals consist of mufangchinoline C₁₄H₂₁N₁₄O_11, thunbergin C₂₀H₁₄O₉ (木 防己苷),  trilobine (木 防己鹼 ), isotrilobine (異 木防己鹼), magnoflorine ( 木蘭花鹼 ), trilobamine (木 防已胺 ), normenisarine (去 甲毛木防己鹼  ), menisarine (毛 木防已鹼 ), epistephanine (表 千金藤鹼), coclobine (木 防己賓鹼), cocculolidine (葉 含木防己葉酸 [衡州烏藥裡定鹼 ]).

（1）漢防己 （粉防己）含漢防己鹼 C₃₈H₄₂N₂O_6， 防己諾林鹼C₃₇H₄₆N₂O₆.. 日本産的漢防己含鹽酸青藤鹼  C₁₉H₂₂NO₄

（2）木防己含木防己鹼C₁₄H₂₁N₁₄O₁₁， 木防己苷 C₂₀H₁₄O₉, 木防己鹼，異 木防己鹼，木 蘭花鹼，木 防已胺，去 甲毛木防己鹼，毛 木防已鹼，表 千金藤鹼，木 防己賓鹼，葉 含木防己葉酸 (衡州烏藥裡定鹼 )。

Dosage:

用量：

5-10 grams boiled with water.

5~10 克。作煎劑。

Samples of formulae:

處方举例：

The formulae listed below may contain the toxic type of mu tong or fang ji. Consult your local regulations before using them.

• Ba Zheng San 八正散 (contains mu tong)

• Chun Yang Zheng Ji Wan 純 陽正氣丸 (contains qing mu xiang)

• Da Huang Qing Wei Wan  大黃清胃丸 (contains guan mu tong)

• Dang gui si ni tang 當歸四逆湯 (contains mu tong and xi xin)

• Mu Xiang Dao Chi Wan  木香導滯丸 (contains mu xiang and may be confused with qing mu xiang)

• Die Da Wan 跌打丸 (some Die Da Wan formulae contain mu tong or fang ji)

• Guan Xin Siu He Ge Wan 冠心秀克閤丸 (contains qing mu xiang)

• Ji Sheng Ju He Wan 濟生橘核丸 (contains mu tong and hou po)

• Kat Kit Wan 解結前列丸 (contains mu tong)

• Quell Fire Shi Xiang Fan Shen Wan 十香翻身(返 神)丸

• Xin Yi Wan 心怡丸

Cautions:

禁忌：

using hanfangchin A for injection should not over 300mg to avoid toxicity.

Guang fang ji is produced in Guangdong.  It is also called Guangdong mu fang ji. It belongs to the aristolochiae family and is toxic for the kidneys. 30 g is the toxic dosage.

Guangdong mu fang ji (aristolochiae fangchi ) is not the regular mu fang ji which is cocculus trilobus. The whole plant of Guangdong mu fang ji is toxic. Animals or people, eating the the flowers or leaves show symptoms of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty in breathing, numbness in limbs, etc.

See ma dou ling

廣防己全株有毒。

人畜誤食新鮮 的莖葉或花，會造成頭痛﹐頭暈﹐噁心﹐嘔吐﹐腹痛﹐呼吸困難﹐四肢麻木等症狀。

Large dosages and/or long term usage of aristolochia fangchi (guang fang ji) is toxic to kidneys.

大劑量或長期服用廣防己對 腎臟有毒。

Note:

注：

Historically those produced in Han Zhong area are called han zhong fang ji and they belonged to the aristolochiae family. Today, when the herb fang ji goes through the area of Han Kou, it is called Han fang ji; so it is not one variety.

歷史上，防己產於漢中的叫做漢中防己。是屬於馬兜鈴科。現在，防己經過漢口的都叫做漢防己。所以不是一種植物。

Usually in prescribing if it is written as "fang ji" it is deemed to be fen fang ji unless it is written as "mu fang ji."

處方中如不指明“木 防己”而僅寫“防 己”，通常認定為“粉 防己”。

Note: The formula,  Fu Ke Fen Qing Wan (婦科分清 丸) shows up on the one of the warning sites of the FDA, but the classical formula does not contain mu tong or fang ji or xi xin, any of which may contain aristolochic acid. It was the formula listed by Zhongguo Yaodi (China Materia Medica) contain guan mu tong which is Aristolochiae Manshuriensis; or Aristolochia debilis and is toxic to the kidneys.

當歸四逆湯

[主治效能] 治貧血、腰痛、拘攣、四肢痠痛、厥冷等症。應用於凍瘡、腸疝痛、腰痛、腳氣、子宮及其附屬器所引起之腹痛。

[組成藥物]

當歸、桂枝、芍藥、木通、大棗、細辛、甘草。