Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Semen Trigonellae Foeni-graeci |
Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | koroha (コロハ) |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | hoolopa (호로파) |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | wu4 lou4 baa1 |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | ku dou (literally means bitter beans)苦豆，xiang cao (literally means fragrant grass) 香草。 |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | common fenugreek seed |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | Anhui, Henan, Sichuan provinces of China. 安徽，河南，四川等省 |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | bitter， warm。 苦，溫。 |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | kidney, liver. 入腎，肝經。 |
| Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | Seeds[2], stems, and leaves are effective in lowering blood sugar, blood lipids. Leaves and stems are also effective for kidney function exhaustion,
hepatoprotective effect on ethanol toxicity on the liver, and for high altitude disease. The seeds can improve milk production in goats. This can be mediated through the increase of growth hormone. [1] It can also agonize the dopamine receptor; thus cutting down the interfering of prolactin production and promote mothers' milk production. 胡蘆巴種子[2]及莖葉具有較好的降血糖，降血脂等作用，而葉莖部分對治療腎功能衰竭和防治高山反應也有效,
對酒精對肝臟毒害有保護作用。種子對山羊有催乳作用可能是通過增加生長激素的關係。【1】也可能是本品能刺激多巴胺受體而促使催乳激素的産生。
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Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | Impotence due to shenxu (kidney deficient), lack of libido, hernia of the groin area, cold and pain in the testes, stomach pain due to deficient, edema in the legs and lack of strength due to deficiency, nerurasthenia, lack of milk after child birth. 腎虛陽萎﹐冷感症﹐寒疝偏陲﹐睾丸冷痛﹐胃寒痛﹐寒濕脚氣腫痛乏力﹐ 産後乳汁不足﹐神經衰弱。 |
Chemical ingredients:[3] 化學成份﹕[3] | trigonelline | 胡蘆巴鹼 | diosgenin-β-D-glucoside | 薯預皂甙元葡萄糖甙 | vitexin | 牡荊素 | isovitexin, saponaretin | 異牡荊素 | isoorientin | 異葒草素 | vitexin-7-glucoside | 牡荊素-7-葡萄糖甙 | vicenin I，II | 胡蘆巴甙 I， II | gitogenin | 芰脫皂甙元 | | neogitogenin | 新芰脫皂甙元 | | diosgenin | 薯蕷皂甙元 | | yamogenin | 雅姆皂甙元 | | tigogenin | 替告皂甙元 | | neotigogenin | 新替告皂甙元 | | trigoneosides Ia-Ib, IIa-IIb, IIIa-IIIb | 胡蘆巴新皂甙Ia,Ib,IIa,IIb,IIIa,IIIb | | trigofoenoside A | 葫蘆巴皂甙A | | trigoneoside VIII | 胡蘆巴皂甙VIII | | homoorientin | 異葒草素 | | vicenin-1 | 胡蘆巴甙-1 | | vicenin-2 | 胡蘆巴甙-2 | | vitexin | 牡荊素 | | quercetin | 槲皮素 | | tricin | 小麥黃素 | | naringenin | 柚皮素 | | tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 小麥黃素-7-O-β-D- 葡萄糖甙 | | lupeol | 羽扇豆醇 | | betullin | 白樺醇 | | betulinic acid | 白樺酸 | | 31-norcycloartanol | 31- 去甲環阿爾廷醇 | | soyasaponin I | 大豆皂甙 I | | 3,4,7-trimethylcoumarin | 3,4,7- 三甲基香豆精 | | 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin | 7- 乙酰氧基-4- 甲基香豆精 | | trigocoumarin | 胡蘆巴香豆精 | | trigonelline | 胡蘆巴鹼 | | gentianine | 龍膽寧鹼 | | carpaine | 番木瓜鹼 |
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Dosage: 用量﹕ | in decoction: 6 to 10 g. Large dosage can be used in meal cooking: 50 -100 g. 煎服6-10克。大剤量用於煮食物：50～100克。 |
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | For treatment of hernia: hu lu ba, xiao hui xiang, tao ren (stir fry with bran and rid of tips) of equal portions each; make into powder. Make half of the powder into pills with rice wine into the the size of soy beans. Leave the other half in powder form. Take 50 pills, with light salted water or with rice wine, before meals. Take the powder with warm rice water. Alternate taking pills and powder. Take one or two doses a day. Note: rice water means while cooking rice, after boiling take out some water from the rice pot before rice is cooked. (source: Ben Cao Yan Yi 本草衍義) 治疝氣 ：葫蘆巴，小茴香，桃仁（麩炒去皮尖）各等分，為末，酒糊丸如桐子大（黄豆大）。一半為散。每服五十丸，空心食前鹽酒下；散以熱米飲調下，與丸相間空心服，日各一二服甚效。（《本草衍義》 |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | See Note below the table. 看本表格下面的聯線。 |
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | Do not use in cases of yinxu (yin deficient) with heat or with damp-heat . The mucilage of this herb may delay absorption of other oral drugs or herbs. The hypoglycemic effect of herb may increase the effect of diabetes drugs. This herb possesses the function of blood thinning effect like coumarin. It may increase the effect of drug like heparin and coumarin. and may cause bleeding. This herb contains amines and may increase the effect of monoamine oxydase inhibitors (MAOIs). 本品含粘質，可能降低口服药物吸收的速度。 本品有降低血糖之作用。可能增加糖尿病药物的作用。 本品有抗凝血作用，可能增加抗凝血药物（如肝素，華弗林等）之作用，而致出血。 本品含有單胺類化合物，可能使到單胺氧化酶抑制劑效力增高。 陰虛火旺或有濕熱者忌用。 |
Monoamines - a class of hormones or neurotransmitters including the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine) and indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin).
