Present day application:

現 代應用：

being used in high lipids, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension.

現代用於高血脂症，動脈硬化性心臟病，高血壓病。

Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥名﹕

Crataegi Fructus

Botanical name:

學名﹕

Crataegus pinnatifida var.major

C. pinnatifida Bge.ver. major N.E.Br. （山裏紅）

C. hupensis SARG. （湖北山楂）

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音﹕

shanzashi

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音﹕

sanza

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵音﹕

saan1 zaa1

Other Names:

別名 ﹕

chi gua zi 赤瓜子，shu zha 鼠楂，hou zha 猴楂，miao zha 茅楂，

yang huan qiu 羊還 球，tang qiu zi 棠球子，shan li guo 山裏果，

chi zao zi 赤棗子。

Common Name:

英文名﹕

hawthorn fruit

Distribution:

產地﹕

grown in northeastern and northern parts of China and Shaanxi,

Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu provinces. Mainly produced in Hebei,

Henan, Shandong, Liaoning provinces of China.

在中國東北，華北及陝西，河南，山東，江蘇等省區廣為栽培﹐

主產於河北，河南，山東，遼寧等省。

Properties

(characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

sour, sweat, and slightly warm.

味酸，甘﹐性微溫。

歸經﹕

spleen, stomach and liver.

歸脾，胃，肝經。

Medical functions:

藥理﹕

Many types of extract from shan zha possess cardiac stimulant effect. Smaller dosages possess hypotensive effect. Total flavonoid can improve the amount of coronary circulation, anti lack of oxygen of cardiac muscles, and anti-arrhythmia. Shan zha solution can clearly lowering the blood cholesterol and triglyceride also is obviously lower after using shan zha solution. The lipase of shan zha can promote the resolution of fat and can help digestion.

The decoction and alcohol extract of shan zha possess the effect of anti the following bacteria: Shigella flexner, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, protecbacteria and Escherichia coli. [1]

山楂的多 種提取物有一定的強心作用﹔較小劑量有降血壓作用。

總黃酮可 增加冠脈流量﹐抗實驗性心肌缺氧﹐抗心律失常。山楂

浸膏可使 血中膽固醇﹑甘油三酯含量有明顯下降。山楂中脂肪酸脢可促進脂肪分解﹔山楂酸等可提高蛋白分解脢的活性﹐有幫助消化的作用。山楂煎劑和乙醇提取物對福氏（Shigella flexneri）和宋內氏（Shigella sonnei）痢疾桿 菌﹑變形杆菌 (Proteobacteria)﹑大腸桿菌Escherichia coli均有抗菌作用。[1]

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

being used in protein indigestion, flatulence, diarrhea due to  

pixu (spleen deficient), amenorrhea due to blood stasis , postpartum  blood stasis, acute pain in chest and abdomen area, pain in hernia, high lipids. For improving digestion, use baked (stir fried) shan zha.

For getting rid of  blood stasis use raw shan zha.

用於肉食積滯，胃脘賬滿，瀉痢腹痛 ，血 淤經閉，產後血 淤，

心腹刺痛，疝氣作痛；高血脂症。消 食化積﹐炒焦用﹐活血散瘀

宜生用。

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份﹕

蘋果酸 (malic acid)，咖啡酸 （caffeic acid)，齊墩果酸 (oleanolic acid) ，山楂酸 (crataegolic acid)、表兒茶精 (epicatechin)、槲皮素 (quercetin)、金絲桃甙 (hyperoside)、綠原酸 (chlorogenic acid)、枸櫞酸 (citric acid) 及其單甲酯 (citric acid symmetrical monomethyl ester)、二甲酯 (citric acid symmetrical dimethyl ester) 和三甲酯 (citric acid trimethyl ester)、蔗糖 (cane sugar)、黃烷聚合物 (flavan polymers)、熊果酸 (ursolic acid) ，維生素C （vitamin C)，核黃素 (riboflavin (vitamin B2))，胡蘿蔔素 (carotene)等。
 

Dosage:

用量﹕

Generally 10 to 15 g. Large dosage can be 30 to 120g.

一般10～15g，大剤量可用至30～120g

Samples of formulae

:處方舉例﹕

Indigestion (also called dyspepsia). Symptoms: fullness, bloating,

burping, nausea, lack of appetite, or not easy to defecate, foul

smelling stool. Make decoction with shan zha or make into powder.

When combine shan zha with shen qu , mai ya, zhi ke, bai zhu the

effect on digestion can be stronger.

若飲食停滯﹐脘腹脹滿﹐嘈雜﹐噯氣﹐噁心厭食﹐或大便不爽﹐糞出臭穢﹐可單用山楂煮汁飲或研末吞服﹐如配 伍神 麴，麥 芽，枳 殼，白 朮等可加強消積化滯作用。

治小兒疳積﹐因乳食不節﹐損傷脾胃日久而面黃腹膨﹐不思飲食﹐或食入即吐﹐或瀉下挾有完穀﹐可與扁豆，木 香，肉荳蔻等配用以健脾消疳。

本品用於痢疾初起﹐下痢膿血﹐腹痛後重而無寒熱者﹐有消瘀化滯之功﹐可單用或與紅茶同煎服。

治產後瘀滯﹐惡露不淨﹐少腹疼痛﹐或與益母草，當歸，川芎等活血散瘀藥配用﹐或與蒲黃，蒨草等活血止血藥 同用。

本品亦治經閉腹痛﹐常與當歸尾，紅花，香附等活血行氣藥配伍應用。

現代用於高血脂症，動脈硬化性心臟病，高血壓病都有一定療效。民間用鮮山楂大量零食﹐次晨再以檳榔煎服﹐ 可排出完整絛蟲﹐治療絛蟲病。內服入煎劑用量9～12克﹐單味煎服可用至30克﹐研末吞服﹐3～6克。

Modern Research:

現代研究﹕

Toxicity & Cautions:

毒素與禁忌﹕

Do not use in case of pixu (spleen deficient) without indigestion. Use with care in cases of  over abundance of stomach acid, peptic ulcers or pregnancies (to avoid premature delivery).

 脾 虛無食積不化者忌用。胃 酸過多及胃潰 瘍胃潰瘍患者慎服。孕婦慎服，以避免早產。