| zhe shu 柘樹 (in English and Chinese 中英文) zhe zi 柘 子 Edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu See picture here.
Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Fructus Cudraniae tricuspidatae | Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur | Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | ze3 syu6, ze3 zi2 | Other Names: 別名﹕ | zhe zi 柘子﹐ ye mei zi 野梅子﹐ ye li zhi 野荔枝﹐ lao hu gan 老虎肝﹐ huang sang 黄桑﹐ huang liao ci 黄了刺﹐ ci ding 刺釘﹐ huang dan shu 黄疸樹 ﹐ shan li zhi 山荔枝﹐zha sai shu 痄腮樹﹐ zha ci 痄刺﹐ jiu chong pi 九重皮﹐da ding huang 大丁癀。 | Common Name: 英文名﹕ | cudrang, mandarin melon berry, silkworm thorn | Distribution: 產地﹕ | Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangxu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi provinces. 分佈於﹕河北﹐ 山東﹐ 河南﹐ 陝西﹐ 甘肅﹐ 江蘇﹐ 浙江﹐ 安徽﹐ 江西﹐ 福建﹐ 湖北﹐ 湖南 ﹐ 四川﹐ 雲南﹐ 貴州﹐ 廣東﹐ 廣西等地。 | Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | sweet, warm 味甘，温。 | Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | | | Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | In animal studies zhe shu can inhibit U27, S180 tumors, Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and relieve pain. In clinic application, it is effective for cancer of the stomach, colon and rectum. In some cases the tumors became stabilized; obstructions relieved; pain became less severe; appetite improved and gain weight. It is suitable for late stage cancer of the esophagus, stomach and colon. 本品對試驗動物腫瘤瘤株U27、S180、抑 制艾氏腹水癌，并有镇痛作用。臨床對食管癌、胃癌及結腸直腸癌有療效，能使部分患者腫塊穩定，具有改善梗阻、減輕疼痛、增進食欲，增加體重，消退 胸腹水等作用，能使晚期病人抵抗力增加，惡液质改善。適用于晚期食管癌、饙門癌、胃癌及結腸癌。 | Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | Bleeding in the vagina (while not during menses), blood stasis, malaria. 《日華子本草》："治婦人崩中血結，瘧 疾。" | Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | Eight new isoprenylated xanthones, cudratricusxanthones A-H (1-8), were isolated from the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata, together with ten known compounds, cudraxanthones H (9) and M (10), xanthone V(1a) (11), toxyloxanthone C (12), macluraxanthone B (13), 1-hydroxy-3, 6, 7-trimethoxyxanthone (14), cycloartocarpesin (15), artocarpesin (16), cudraflavone B (17), and kaempferol (18). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Xanthones 5, 7, 10, and 12 showed inhibitory effects on four kinds of human digestive apparatus tumor cell lines (HCT-116, SMMC-7721, SGC-7901, and BGC-823) with IC(50) values of 1.6-11.8 microg/mL. Xanthones 2, 4, and 11 displayed significant cytotoxicity against HCT-116, SMMC-7721, and SGC-7901 (IC(50)=1.3-9.8 microg/mL). Flavonoids 15-17 were almost inactive.[1] | Dosage: 用量﹕ | | Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | For over abundance of bleeding during menses: zhe shu, ma bian cao, yu shu. Make into decoction and use as tea. (Source: Hunan Herb Journal湖南藥物志) For brightening eyesight: zhe wood. Make into decoction and use the liquid to wash the eyes while the extract is warm. (Source: Hai Shang Fang海上方) For dust, or spider web getting into the eyes: use sap of zhe tree as eye drop. Cover the eyes with clean cloth. Wipe eyes with water to rid of toxin. (Source: Yi Xue Gang Mu) - 治月經過多：柘樹﹐ 馬鞭草﹐ 榆樹。水煎兑红糖服。（湖南藥物志）
- 洗目令明：柘木煎湯，按日温洗。（海上方）
- 治飛絲入目：柘樹漿 點（目）了，綿裹箸頭，蘸水於眼上缴拭涎毒。（醫學綱目）
| Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | Leaves and stems have been made into syrup for cancer treatment. 曾有將樹葉與樹枝製作糖漿作治癌用。 | Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | in some cases, syrup of the leaves may cause diarrhea. 有時柘葉糖漿可能引起腹瀉。 |
[1] Wang YH, et al., New isoprenylated flavones, artochamins A--E, and cytotoxic principles from Artocarpus chama. J Nat Prod. 2004 May; 67(5):757-61. Zou YS, et al., Cytotoxic isoprenylated xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata. Bioorg Med Chem. 2004 Apr 15; 12(8):1947-53. Puntumchai A, et al., Lakoochins A and B, new antimycobacterial stilbene derivatives from Artocarpus lakoocha. J Nat Prod. 2004 Mar; 67(3):485-6. Syah YM, et al., Two new cytotoxic isoprenylated flavones, artoindonesianins U and V, from the heartwood of Artocarpus champeden. Fitoterapia. 2004 Mar; 75(2):134-40. Hakim EH, et al., Artoindonesianin P, a new prenylated flavone with cytotoxic activity from Artocarpus lanceifolius. Fitoterapia. 2002 Dec; 73(7-8):668-73. Uchiyama T, te al., Seco-Adianane-type triterpenoids from Dorstenia brasiliensis (Moraceae). Phytochemistry. 2002 Aug; 60(8):761-4. Lee IK, et al., Cytotoxic benzyl dihydroflavonols from Cudrania tricuspidata.Phytochemistry. 1996 Jan; 41(1):213-6.
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