xiao hui xiang 小茴香 (in English and Chinese 中英文)
by: Joe Hing kwok Chu 朱興國編譯
Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Fructus Foeniculi Vulgaris |
Biological name: 拉丁文學名﹕ | Foeniculum vulgare Mill. |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | shouikyo |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | sohoehyang |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | siu2 wui4 heong1 |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | xiao hui 小茴﹐huai xiang 蘹香 ﹐hui xiang 茴香﹐ hui xiang zi 茴香子。 Adas (Malay, Indonesian) |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | fennel |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | throughout China and south east Asia |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | warm, acrid 性溫,味辛。 |
| Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | anti fungal effect [2]. Fennel oil samples have shown high activity against Candida albicans.[5] antioxidant [1][7] releases stored fat for consumption of the body [3] potential in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis by reducing both osteoclast differentiation and function.[4] prevent rat hepatic fibrosis by reducing amount of collagen fiber and improve hepatic functions.[6] emmenagogue effects (promote menses blood flow) increases kidney activity and decreases urea rate [9] increases progesterone [10] gel of 3% fenel decreased hair thickness in idiopathic mild to moderate hirsutism [10] Aqueous extract of fennel seed showed the beneficial effect (especially at dose of 150 mg/kg b.w.) on renal function in in rats with poly cystic ovarian syndrome. [11] possesses oestrogenic activity [12]
抗真菌 作用 [2]. 小茴香之精油對白色念珠球菌有很強的對抗作用 [5]. 抗氧化 作用 [1] 釋放儲 存的脂肪以供身體消耗 [3] 可能有 預防在絕經後, 減少破骨細胞之分化作用而防止 骨質疏 鬆症之潛能 [4] 減少大 鼠肝膠原纖維的量而防止肝纖維化，和改善肝功能。[6] 通經作用（促進月經血流量）
增進腎臟機能, 降低尿素 [9] 增加黃體素[10] 3％ 的小茴香凝膠對特發性輕度至中度多毛症能降低毛體的粗度[10] 小茴香的水提物對患有多囊性卵巢綜合征的大鼠之對腎功能有益作用
（特別是在150毫克/ kg體重之劑量）。 [11] 有女性性激素的作用[12] |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | liver, kidney, spleen, stomach 肝﹐腎﹐脾﹐胃。 |
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | Cold type of hernia, Indigestion, gastric gas and colic , especially for babies. Swollen testes. Cholera and vomiting Beriberi For respiratory congestion and cough Frequent urination For stimulating the flow of breast milk. External use in abdominal pain: stir fry in pan until hot and wrap in cloth and apply to abdomen area for pain and cold sensation. The xiao hui xiang gel of 3% can reduce the thickness of facial hair [10]
寒 疝腹痛 胸腹脹滿, 消化不良, 鼓腸氣脹, 腸絞痛, 常用於嬰兒。 睪丸腫痛 霍亂嘔吐 胃炎食少 腳氣 小便數 催乳 外敷﹕ 腹部冷痛﹐ 炒熱銷茴﹐布包﹐熱敷於腹部。 小茴香3％凝膠的效果與安慰劑相比，顯明 能減少的面部毛髮粗度(由顯微鏡探查)。[10]
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Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | 果實含 揮發油 ，成熟 果實6.2%，未成熟果實8.6%. Fruits contain evaporating oil. Unripe fruit contain 8.6% and ripen fruit contain 6.2% 反式茴香脑 | trans-Anethole)61.6～78.3% | 亞油酸 | linoleic acid | 棕榈酸 | palmitic acid | 花生酸 | arachidic acid | 山萮酸 | behenic acid | 槲皮素 | quercetin | 植物甾醇酰基β-果 糖呋喃甙 | phytosteryl b-fructofuranoside | 7-羟基香豆素 | 7-hydroxycoumarin | 6，7-二羟基香豆素 | 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin | 齊墩果酸 | Oleanolic acid | 穀 甾醇 | sitosterol | 豆甾醇 | stigmasterol | 小茴香酮 | Fenchone | α-蒎烯 | α-pinene | 檸檬烯 | limonene | 莰烯 | camphene | β-蒎烯 | β-Pinene | β-香叶烯 | β-Myrcene | α-水芹烯 | α-Phellandrene | P-伞花醇 | P-Cymol | 草蒿腦 | Estragole | 甲基胡椒酚 | Methyl chavicol | 岩芹酸 | petroselinic acid | Δ7-豆甾烯醇 | Δ7-Stigmastenol | 菜油甾醇 | campesterol | 胆甾醇 | choline sterol | Δ7-菜油甾烯醇 | Δ7-Campestenol | Δ5- 燕麦甾醇 | Δ5-Avenasterol | 菜油甾二烯醇 | campestadienol | 豆甾二烯醇 | stigmastadienol | 二戊烯 | dipentene | 茴香醚 (茴 香腦) | anethole (C10H12O) 50～60% | d-小 茴香 酮 | d-fenchone (C10H16O) 18～20% | 小茴 香酸 | anisic acid | 對-傘花烴 | p-cymene | 歐芹酸 | petroselinic acid | 順式茴香醚 | cisanethole | 愛草醚 | estragole | 小茴香醛 | anise aldehyde |
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Dosage: 用 量﹕ | 3 to 20 g. Concentrated extract: 0.5 to 2 g. 3～20克。濃縮中藥：0.5～2克 。 |
Samples of formulae: 處方舉 例﹕ | 1. an zhong san 2. nuan gan tang 1. 安中散 2. 暖肝湯 |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | See bibliography below. |
Cautions: 禁忌﹕ | Use caution in cases of yinxu (yin deficient) and lack of liquid. Not recommended for pregnant women with weak constitution or use with care when using it. because the herb has estrogenic activity. may not suitable to use with Fluoroquinolone drugs The estrogenic activity of this herb brings some side effects such as decrease in protein concentration and acid and alkaline phosphatase in male genital organs, increase in weight of mammary glands and reproductive organs in women and premature breast developing in girls[7]
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Fluoroquinolone drugs include:
ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
enoxacin (Penetrex)
lomefloxacin (Maxaquin)
norfloxacin (Noroxin)
ofloxacin (Floxin)
sparfloxacin (Zagam)
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
grepafloxacin (Raxar)
trovafloxacin/alatrofloxacin (Trovan)
and others
氟喹諾酮類藥物包括：
環丙沙星（Cipro）
諾沙星（Penetrex）
洛美沙星（Maxaquin）
諾氟沙星（Noroxin）
氧氟沙星（Floxin）
司帕沙星（Zagam）
左氧氟沙星（Levaquin）
格帕沙星（Raxar）
曲伐沙星/阿拉曲伐沙星（Trovan）
以及其他
We thank Paul Pilkington of Australia for financial contribution of this webpage.
[1] Pharmacognosy Res. 2012 Apr;4(2):104-8.
[2] Indian J Dent Res. 2010 Jul-Sep;21(3):334-6.
[3] http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=9bf57bf0-6574-4f6d-99f3-0b0f50503357
[4] Int J Mol Med. 2012 Jun;29(6):1053-9. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.950. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
[5] Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2008 Jul-Sep;112(3):832-6.
[6] 《Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy》 2009-17
[7] Chin J Integr Med. 2013 Jan;19(1):73-9. doi: 10.1007/s11655-013-1327-0. Epub 2012 Dec 29.
[8] Caspian J Intern Med. 2014 Winter; 5(1): 26–29.
[9] Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014 Mar-Apr; 4(2): 110–117.
[10] Caspian J Intern Med. 2014 Winter; 5(1): 26–29.
[11] Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014 Mar-Apr; 4(2): 110–117.
[12] Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1985 Jan-Mar;29(1):21-6.
