Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Herba silybi, Fructus silybi |
Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | suihikei |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | Huin-mu-nui-eong-geong-kwi; keun-eong-geongkwi |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | seoi2 fei1 gai3
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Other Names: 別名 ﹕ | cai ji 菜薊，shui fei zhi 水飛雉，nai ji 奶薊，lao shu le 老鼠勒。 |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | milk thistle, all-grass of St.Marys, all-grass of blessed thistle, all-grass of holy thistle |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | origin: Western Europe and northern Africa. Now it is cultivated in Shaanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang provinces of China. 原產於西歐和北非。中國在陝西、甘肅、黑龍江和河北等省栽培。 |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | bitter, cold. 性寒，味苦。 |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | |
| Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | Improves liver function, lactagogues (promoting the flow of breast milk), anti depression, cholagogue (promotes bile secretion). It can lower the value of chronic alcohol drinkers' AST and ALT, caused by chronic or mild acute hepatitis. Inhibits T-cell activation, (T-cell activation occurs in psoriasis.). lowers virus load of hepatitis C. protect against genomic injury, [2] increase hepatocyte protein synthesis, [2] decrease the activity of tumor promoters, [2] stabilize mast cells, [2] chelate iron, [2] slow calcium metabolism.[2] 改善肝臓機能， 促進胆汁分泌， 抗鬱， 促進母乳分泌， 能降低長期用 酒精者所引起的輕急性及次急性肝病患者血中 AST 與 ALT值， 可抑制T细胞活動性。（銀痟病者有T细胞活性增加情况。） 降低丙型肝炎之病毒， 防止基因損傷，[2]
增加肝細胞蛋白質的合成，[2]
降低腫瘤啟動子的活性，[2]
穩定肥大細胞，[2]
螯合鐵，[2]
減慢鈣的代謝[2]。 |
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | being used in boils and erysipelas. The extract of herb and fruit is being used in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, fatty liver, gallbladder stones, spleen diseases, and chronic cough.
功能主治 全草用於腫瘍及丹毒；種子及提取物用於慢性肝炎，肝硬化，脂肪肝，膽石症，膽管炎脾臟病，和長期性的咳嗽。 |
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | The whole herb contains flavonoid and fumaric acid. Seed contain about 6% of silymarin. Silymarin is composed primarily of silybin (also referred to as silibin or silibinin), accompanied by isosilybin, dehydrosilybin, silydianin and silychristin. It also contains cinnamic acid, myristic acid, palmitelaidic acid, arachidic acid. 全草含有黃酮類及延胡索酸；種子含一群特殊的類黃酮叫水飛薊素（silymarin）主要組成為水飛薊賓，連同異水飛薊賓，脫氫水飛薊賓，水飛薊寧，水飛薊亭。又含肉桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，棕櫚烯酸，花生酸等。 |
Dosage: 用量﹕ | In powder form: 12～15ｇ; (equivalent to 720–900 mg of silymarin). Not effective in decoction since the effective ingredient of silymarin has a very low water solubility. 作粉剤用： 12～15克 （相當於 水飛薊素 720 ～ 900 豪克）。 水煮作湯無效，因為水飛薊素不易溶於水，所於水煮不容易把有效成份提出。 |
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | See this. |
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | It may cause nausea, diarrhea, abdominal bloating, and pain, and it can produce allergic reactions (especially who are allergic to plants in the same family, such as ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy).[1] 有報導說水飛薊瀉下作用。可能引起作嘔，腹瀉，腹脹，疼痛，也能引起敏感反應，尤其對同類植物有敏感的，如豕草類，菊花，金盞菊，雛菊等。[1] |
