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sang ye 桑葉   (in English and Chinese 中英文)

sang bai pi 桑白皮， sang zhi 桑枝

Translated and Edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu

Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Folium Mori Albae
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Morus alba L. Morus bombycis, Koidz.; Morus australis Poir.; Morus multicaulis,
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	soyo
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	sangyop
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	song1 jip6
Other Names: 別名﹕	dong sang ye 冬桑葉
Common Name: 英文名﹕	white mulberry leaf
Distribution: 產地﹕	throughout China
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	bitter, sweet, cold. 味苦，甘，寒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	lung, liver 歸肺﹐肝二經。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	(1) After being consumed, the rich fibre of sang ye will be released. It slows down the absorption of monosaccharide in the stomach and lower the blood sugar after meals. It also helps maintain the health body weight. (2) According to Tokyo Agriculture and Industry University of Japan, rats with type I diabetes, after being fed with sang ye, the symptoms of diabetes obviously decreased by 5%. This shows that eating sang ye can prevent and slow down the formation of diabetes. Another study by an institute of nutrition and insect research and by South Korean Qing Xi (慶熙) University, the weight and blood sugar of those who ate sang ye became lower.   (1) 食用時，其豐富的纖維被釋出，有助於延緩胃部對單糖的吸收，使得進餐後的血糖值降低，亦有助於健康體重的維持。   (2) 日本東京農工大學的研究顯示，糖尿病一型的老鼠在餵食桑葉後，糖尿病症狀明顯減少5%，這結果表明，食用桑葉可能有助於防止和減緩糖尿病的形成；另一個由國家養蠶和昆蟲研究所和南韓慶熙大學主持的抗糖尿病實驗顯示，食用桑葉粉者體重和血糖都明顯下降。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	for treatment of: common cold and influenza with feng re (wind heat type syndrome) dizziness and blurry vision due to liver yang ascending ; beriberi and edema; vomiting blood. Normally it is use in raw form. In cases of cough due to lung heat, use the those that have been baked with honey.   主治 外感風熱﹐ 肝陽上亢之頭暈目眩﹐ 除腳氣水腫 吐血 一般多生用，若肺熱咳宜蜜炙用
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	rutin 芸香甙 quercetin 槲皮素 isoquercitrin 異槲皮甙 morocetin 桑甙 moracetin，quercetin-3-Triglucoside 槲皮素-3-三葡萄糖甙， astraglin 黄芪黄酮 inokosterone 牛膝甾酮 ecdysterone 脫皮甾酮 β-sitosterol β-穀甾醇 umbelliferone 繖形花內酯 scopolin 東莨菪甙 α-，β-hexenal α-﹐β- 已烯醛 trigonelline 葫蘆巴鹼 vitamin B1﹐B2﹐C，E 維生素 B1﹐B2﹐C，E trace amount of essential oil 微量揮發油 inorganic compound 無機成分 sugar 糖類 protein 蛋白質 tannin 鞣質
Dosage: 用量﹕	3 to 9 g 3 ~ 9 克
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕	1. For and flu with fever, headache, cough, pain in the throat: Name of Formula: sang ju yin 桑菊飲 2. For cough and dry throat due to heat in the lungs, Name of Formula: Sang xin tang  (Xue Sheng Bai - Wen Bing Tiao Bian) Composition: sang ye 3 qian, xin ren 2 qian, bei mu 2 qian, sha shen 2 qian, xiang shi 1 qian, zhi zi 1 qian. Make into decoction and drink while warm. Note: qian = 3.75 g (old measurement) (1)治外感風熱﹐發熱﹐頭痛﹐咳嗽﹐咽痛: 桑菊飲 (薛生白-溫病條辨): 桑葉三錢﹐菊 花三錢﹐杏仁二錢﹐桔 梗二錢﹐連翹二錢﹐薄荷一錢﹐蘆根二錢﹐  甘 草二錢，水煎服. (2) 治燥熱傷肺之咳嗽﹐咽乾等證 桑杏湯 (溫病條辨): 桑葉三錢﹐杏仁三錢﹐貝母二錢﹐沙參二錢﹐香豉一錢﹐梔子一錢水煎服.
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕	decoction of fresh sang ye possesses the inhibiting effect on Staphylococcus aurcus,  β-Hemolytic streptococcus and many other kinds of bacteria in vitro. Consuming the decoction can inhibit Leptospira interrogans. 鮮桑葉煎劑體外試驗對金黃色葡萄球菌, 乙型溶血性鏈球菌等多種致病菌有抑制作用，煎劑有抑制鉤端螺旋體的作用。
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕

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