quan shen 拳參

  Translated by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu          Click here to see picture. 按此看圖。

Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Rhizoma Bistortae
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Polygonum bistorta L. Polygonum Lapidosum Kitag.
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	kenjin
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕
Pron. in Cantonese:  粵音﹕	kyun4 sam1
Other Names: 別名﹕	zi shen 紫參，quan shen 拳參，zi shen 紫參，shan xia 山蝦，dao gen cao 倒根草。
Common Name: 英文名﹕	meadow bistort
Distribution: 產地﹕	Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan provinces of China. 分佈於遼寧，河北，山西，內蒙古，陝西，甘肅，寧夏，新疆，山東，江蘇，安徽，浙江，河南，湖北，湖南等地。
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	bitter, tart, slightly cold. 味苦，澀，性微寒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	liver, lung, large intestine. 肝，肺，大腸。
Medical functions[1]: 藥理﹕[1]	1. Antibiotic effect In vitro experiments showed that ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extract of quan shen and polygonum glycosides, gallic acid and other monomer components possessed the inhibition activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc. Among them the extract of ethyl acetate and that of gallic acid  possessed the strongest antibiotic activity . 2. Anti-inflammatory effect Oral administration of the ethanol extract of quan shen and the substances isolated from quan shen,  5-glutinen-3-one and friedelanol could inhibit the edema of rat paws induced by carrageenan [4, 8] . 3. Analgesic effect In mice experiment, using acetic acid writhing, pain caused by hot plate method and by electrical shock method, showed that quan shen  butanol extract and water extract when injected intraperitoneally produced significant analgesic effect. 4. Sedative effect Using  Intraperitoneal injection of quan shen butanol extract in mice significantly inhibited the spontaneous activity, and could also significantly enhance the sedative effect of sodium pentobarbital on CNS . 5. Other The chemical ingredient of quan shen L-epicatechin can  significantly reduce acetylcholinesterase activity, and can reduce serum and liver cholesterol. Quan shen also possesses the effect of anti-mutation, anti-cancer,  inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), anti-endotoxin .. 1. 抗菌 體外實驗表明，拳參乙醇，石油醚，乙酸乙酯等提取物及拳參苷，沒食子酸等單體成分對金黃色葡萄球菌，大腸桿菌，枯草芽孢桿菌及綠膿桿菌等均有一定的抑制作用，以乙酸乙酯提取物和沒食子酸抑菌活性最強。 2. 抗炎 拳參的乙醇提取物以及從拳參中分離得到的5-粘霉烯-3酮和木栓烷醇經口給藥對角叉菜膠引起的大鼠足蹠腫脹有抑制作用。 3. 鎮痛 醋酸扭體法，熱板致痛法和電刺激致痛實驗表明，拳參正丁醇提取物和水提取物腹腔注射對小鼠均有明顯的鎮痛作用。 4. 鎮靜 拳參正丁醇提取物腹腔注射對小鼠的自發活動有明顯的抑制作用，能明顯增強戊巴比妥鈉的中樞抑制作用。 5. 其他 拳參根莖中所含的左旋表兒茶精可顯著降低膽鹼酯酶活性，並能降低大鼠血清和肝臟中的膽固醇。拳參還有抗突變，抗癌，抑制腫瘤壞死因子 (TNF)，抗內毒素 等作用。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Being used in enteritis, dysentery, hepatitis.hemorrhoid, appendicitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, convulsion, edema, urination difficulty. External application: for ulcers in the mouth or throat. 有清熱，解毒，收斂的功用。用於腸炎，痢疾，肝炎，痔瘡，闌尾炎;，扁桃體炎，氣管炎，驚厥，水腫，排尿困難。。 外治口腔糜爛，咽喉潰瘍。
Chemical ingredients [1]: 化學成份[1]﹕	tannin 8.7 - 25% （root) 丹寧 8.7 - 25% (根) starch 12 - 45.81% 澱粉 12 - 45.81% sugar 5.7 - 7.5% 糖 5.7- 7.5% gallic acid 沒食子酸 succinic acid 丁二酸 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3.4-二羟基苯甲酸 D-catechol 右旋兒茶酚 L-epicatecho 左旋表兒茶酚 6-galloylglucose 6- 沒食子酰葡萄糖 3,6-digalloylglucose 3,6- 二沒食子酰葡萄糖 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,6- 二羥基苯甲酸 [(-)-epicatechin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (-)- 表兒茶素-5-O-β-D- 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (+)-catechin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (+)- 兒茶素-7-O-β-D- 吡喃葡萄糖甙 5-glutinen-3-one 5-粘霉烯-3酮 friedelanol 木栓烷醇 umbelliferone 傘形花內酯　 scopoletin 東莨菪內酯 quercetin 槲皮素 rutin 蘆丁 quercetin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 槲皮素-5-O-β-D- 葡萄糖甙 pyrogallol 聯苯三酚 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 4- 羥基苯醛 syringin 丁香苷 mururin A   bistortaside 拳參甙 The whole plant contains: 拳參全草含 chlorogenic acid 綠原酸 caffeic acid 咖啡酸 protocatechuic acid 原兒茶酸 hyperin 金絲桃甙
Dosage: 用量﹕	4.5 to 9 g. External application: use appropriate amount 4.5～9g。外用適量，煎湯含漱。
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	Use with care if there is not strong heat syndrome. 無實火實熱者慎服。

[1]http://www.hkjcicm.org/cm_database/plants/detail.aspx?herb_id=65 (香港賽馬會，中藥研究院）

Note:

quan shen is not qi ye yi zhi hua and also is not chong lou.

qi ye yi zhi hua is the rhizome of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara

chong lou is the rhizome of  Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. Mazz.

quan shen is the rhizome of  Polygonum bistorta L. 或 Polygonum Lapidosum Kitag.

註：

拳参不是 七葉一枝花也不是重樓。

七葉一枝花 是 Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara 的根莖。

拳参是 Polygonum bistorta L. 或 Polygonum Lapidosum Kitag. 的根莖。

重樓 是 Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. Mazz. 的根莖。