jun da cai 君達菜

 by: Joe Hing kwok Chu

A manuscript... writing and translation in progress

Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Herba Betae vulgaris
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Beta vulgaris var.cicla
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	gwan1 daat6 coi3
Other Names: 別名﹕	tian cai (sweet vegetable) 甜菜， jia mo cai, 加茉菜， jun da cai 君達菜， niu pi cai 牛皮菜， those with red stems and leaves are called hong bing tian cai or huo yan cai莖葉紅色者稱紅柄菾菜或火焰菜。
Common Name: 英文名﹕	chard, Swiss chard, silver beet, perpetual spinach, garden beet, table beet
Distribution: 產地﹕
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕
Medical functions: 藥理﹕
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	External use: for treatment of boils. Smash leave and apply to affected areas. As food: being used in infection, like itchy rash on the skin, constipation, red eyes, bitter taste and bad smell in the mouth. It is used as a hypoglycemic agent by diabetic patients in Turkey. 外敷﹕用於疥瘡腫毒。用葉片搗爛，敷在患部。 內服﹕濕熱性之疾症，皮膚作癢發出紅斑，大便秘結，眼球赤紅，口臭口苦皆可炒食菾菜佐餐。  在土耳其，君達菜作降血糖用。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	water 93.9%, protein 1.4%, fat 0.2%, sugar 3.7%, fiber 0.8%, vitamin A, C, phosphorus, oxalic acid, sodium, iron. 水分 93.9％ ，蛋白質１.４％，脂肪０.２％，醣類３.７％，纖維０.８％，維生素Ａ，維他命Ｃ，草酸，磷 ，鈉，鐵。 See U.S.D,A nutritional table.  看美國農業部之营養表。
Dosage: 用量﹕	Use as vegetable for eating. For external use: appropriate amount.. 當蔬菜食用。外用適量。
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕	Effects of chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract on oxidative injury in the aorta and heart of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.  Sener G; Saçan O; Yanardag R; Ayanoglu-Dülger G Journal of medicinal food 2002;5(1):37-42. In diabetes mellitus, increased free radical formation raises the incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Regardless of the type of diabetes, the objective of the therapy is to achieve normoglycemia and to prevent or delay the complications. Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) is used as a hypoglycemic agent by diabetic patients in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding chard on diabetes-induced free radical-mediated injury in rat aorta and heart tissues. Female Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetic, chard, and diabetic + chard. Rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Chard extract (2 g/kg) was given for 28 days beginning on the 14th day of the study. Aorta and heart tissue lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels as well as blood glucose levels were determined. The results of the present study indicate that lipid peroxidation was increased and glutathione levels were decreased in both aorta and heart tissue of the diabetic rats. However, treatment with chard extract reversed the effects of diabetes on blood glucose and tissue lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels.
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	Not to use in cases of pixu (spleen deficient)  with diarrhea. All parts of this plant contain oxalic acid. People who are prone to have kidney stones, or diabetes, or osteoporosis should avoid it. 脾虛，便溏不宜食之。君達菜全株含草酸。凡容易生腎石者或有糖尿病者或骨質疏鬆者不宜吃。

　Note: Lipid peroxidation refers to the oxidative degradation of lipids. It is the process whereby free radicals replace electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, and damaging the cells.

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