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huang qin 黃芩 (in English and Chinese

by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu

 

Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥 名 :

Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis

Biological name:

拉丁名 :

  1. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.

  2. Scutellaria amoena C.H. Wright (in Southern part of China)(滇黃芩)

  3. Scutellaria viscidula Gge. ( in northeastern China) (粘毛黃芩)

  4. Scutellaria rehderiana Diels  (甘肅黃芩)

  5. Scutellaria likiangensis Diels (麗江黃芩)

  6. Scutellaria hypericifolia Levl (川黃芩)

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發 音 :

egon

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發 音 :

kwanggum

Pron. in Cantonese:

粵語發 音 :

wong4 kam4

Common Name:

英文名 :

baiscal skullcap root, scutellaria, scute

 Other Name:

別名:

shan cha gen 山茶根,huang qin cha 黃芩茶,tu jin cha gen 土金茶根,

tiao qin 條芩,ku qin 枯芩

Distribution:

Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin

Properties (characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

bitter,  cold

苦﹐寒

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經﹕

gallbladder, large intestine, lung, stomach

膽﹐大腸﹐肺 ﹐胃

Actions & Indications:

主治:

clears damp-heat and dries fire, stops bleeding, calms fetus, l

ower liver fire , for jaundice,  hypertension , anxiety, headache

due to cold or flu, prostate Cancer, breast cancer,  red eyes and

sore throat,  cough and asthma due to heat syndromes.

 濕熱  ﹐止血,安胎,降陽之,治煩躁不安,血壓高

前列腺癌, 乳癰,風 熱 濕 熱 頭 痛 , 熱 嗽 喉 腥 , 定 喘 嗽 ,

黃 疸 , 血 熱 , 吐血,鼻衄, 崩 漏,目赤腫痛 ,乳癰 ,一般癌症 。

Medical

Function:

藥理﹕

Medical Function:

1. effects on digestive system: alcohol extract of huang qin or its ingredient baicalin can promote secretion of bile but another ingredient wogonin does not have this effect. Baicalein can promote movements of extra body intestines of rabbits but wogonin does not have this effect. Huang qin possesses a mild diarrhea effect.

2. anti - histamine effect: alkaloids of huang qin possesses antihistamine effect. It can inhibit edema of rats caused by carrageenin.

3. anti allergenic effect: alcohol extract of huang qin inhibits acute asthma attack and allergenic eczema. Baicalein has anti-toxin effect,  inhibits permeability of capillaries and anti acetylcholine and anti anaphylaxis effects.

4. broad spectrum antibiotic effect

5. prevents atherosclerosis

6. blood thinning effect: one of the ingredients, Oroxylin A, can  promote an enzyme to produce nitrogen oxide, a potential for stroke and myocardiac infarction therapy.

7. anti hepatitis B virus [1]

8. decoction of huang qin may prevent and intervene the formation of cirrhosis of the liver [2]

藥理﹕

一 . 對 消 化 系 統 影 響 : 本 品 醇 抽 取 物 或 其

成 份 黃芩苷 ( baicalin )有 促 進 膽 汁 分 泌 作 用 , 

另 一 成份 漢黃芩素 ( wogonin ) 無 此 作 用 。

黃 芩 素 ( baicalein ) 對 兔 離 體 腸 管 具 有 運 動

亢 進 作 用 , 但 漢 黃 芩 素 無 此 作 用 。 黃 芩

具 有 緩 瀉 作 用 。

二 . 抗 炎 症 作 用:  黃 芩鹼 素 類 , 有 抗 炎 症

作 用 , 對 大 白 鼠 因 卡拉膠(carrageenin) 引 起

浮 腫 有 顯 著 抑 制 作 用 。

三 . 抗 過 敏 作 用 :

黃 芩 醇 抽 取 物 抗 過 敏 作 用 , 對 急 性 氣 喘 及

過 敏 性 皮 膚 炎 有 抑 制 效 果 。 黃 芩 素 有 解

毒 作 用 , 抑 制 毛 細 血 管 透 過 性 作 用 , 抗 乙

醯 膽 素 (acetylcholine) 作 用 及 抗 全身型過敏性反應

(anaphylaxis) 作 用 。

四 . 廣 譜 抗 菌 作 用 :

 本 品 濃 液 , 在 試 管 內 對 革 蘭

氏 陽 性 菌 有 抑 制 作 用 。

五 . 防 止 粥 狀 動 脈 硬 化 作 用:

本 品 水 浸 液 , 連 續 經 口 給 藥 , 對 兔 實 驗 性

誘 發 之 粥 狀 動 脈 硬 化 症 有 預 防 作 用 。

六.  治療腦中風及心肌梗塞等血管病﹕

成分千層紙素A(Oroxylin A),用以抑制誘導性

 一氧化氮製造酵素,具治療腦中風及心

肌梗塞等血管病的潛能。

七. 抗乙型肝炎病毒[1]

八.黃芩煎劑可預防和抑制肝硬化[2]

 

Chemical ingredients:

化學成 分:

 

The roots contain flavonoid: 黃芩 根含黃酮類化合物:
baicalein 黃芩素
neobaicalein (skullcapflavoneⅡ) 黃芩新素, (黃芩黃酮Ⅱ)
baicalin 黃芩甙
wogonin 漢黃芩素
wogonoside 漢黃芩甙
oroxylin A 木蝴蝶素A
7-methoxbaic alein 7-甲氧基黃芩素
skullcapflavone 黃芩黃酮
dihydrooroxylin A 二氫木蝴蝶素A
chrysin 白楊素
2,5,8-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-flavone 2,5,8-三羥基-7-甲氧基黃酮
2,5,8-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone 2,5,8-三羥基-6,7-二甲氧基黃酮(
4,5,7-trhydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone 4,5,7-三羥基-6-甲氧基黃烷酮
2,3,5,6,7-pentahydroxyflavanone 2,3,5,6,7-五羥基黃烷酮
wogonin-5-β-D-glucoside 漢黃芩素-5-β-D-葡萄糖甙
2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl-1-O-α-L-rhamnosyl(1→3)-β-D-(4-feruloyl)glucoside 2-(3-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)-乙基-1-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→3)-β-D(4-阿魏酰基)-葡萄糖
chrysin-6-C-β-D-glucoside-8-C-β-L-arabinoside 白楊素-6-C-β-D--葡萄糖甙-8-C-β-L-阿拉伯糖甙
chrysin-6-C-α-L-arabi-noside-8-C-β-D-glucoside 白楊素-6-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖甙-8-C-β-D-葡萄糖甙
(2S)-25,6,7-terahydroxyflavanone (2S)-2,5,6,7-四羥基黃烷酮
5,7,2,7-tetrahydroxyflavone 5,7,2,6-四羥基黃酮
5,8-dihydroxy-6,7-drimethoxyflavone 5,8-二羥基-6,7-二甲氧基黃酮
5,7,4-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone 5,7,4-三羥基-8-甲氧基黃酮(
oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide 木蝴蝶素A-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸甙
5,7,2-trihyroxy-6-methoxyflavone 5,7,2-三羥基甲氧基黃酮
5,2-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone 5,2-二羥基-6,7,8-三甲氧基黃酮
5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-flavone 5-閎基-7,8-二甲氧基黃酮
norwogonin 去甲漢黃芩素
dihydro-baicalin 二氫黃芩素
5,7,2-trihydroxyflavone 5,7,2-三羥基黃酮
5,7,2-trihydroxy-8,6-dimethoxyflavone 5,7,2-三羥基-8,6-二甲氧基黃酮
5,7,2,5-tetrahydroxy-8,6-dimethoxyflavone,(vis-ciduiin Ⅲ) 5,7,2,5-四羥基-8。6-二甲氧基黃酮(粘毛黃芩素Ⅲ)
5,2,5-trihy-droxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone 5,25-三羥基三甲氧基黃酮
baicalein-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 黃芩素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙
5,7,2-trhiyroxy-8-methoxyflavone (tenax-in Ⅱ 5,7,2-三羥基-8-甲氧基黃酮(韌黃芩素Ⅱ)
5,7,2-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone 5,2,6-三羥基-7,8-二甲氧基黃酮(5,2,6-三羥基-6-甲氧基黃酮)
5,7,2-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone 5,7,2,3-四羥基黃酮(粘毛黃芩素I)
5, 7, 2, 3-tetrahydroxyflavone 5, 7, 2, 3-四閎基黃酮
  3, 5, 7, 2, 5, 6-五羥基黃酮(3,5,7,2,6-pentahydroxyflavone
(2S)-7, 2, 6-trihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone (2S)-7,2,6-三羥基-5-甲氧基黃烷酮
2, 6, 2, 4-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxychalcone 2, 6, 2, 4-四羥基-6-甲氧基查爾酮
5, 7, 2, 5-tetrahydroxyflavone 5, 72, 5-四羥基黃酮
eriodictyol  左旋聖草素
rivularin 半枝蓮種素
viscidulin Ⅲ-2-O-β-D-glucoplyranoside 粘毛黃芩素Ⅲ-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙
Also contain: 另外還含:
β-sitosterol β-榖甾醇
campesterol 菜油甾醇
stigmasterol 豆甾醇
proline 脯氨酸
glucose 葡萄糖
sucrose 蔗糖
huang qin roots of Yunnan contain: 滇黃芩 根含:
Jing baicalein 涇黃芩素
baicalein 黃芩素
baicalin 黃芩甙
wogonoside 漢黃芩甙
skullcapflavoneⅡ 黃芩黃酮Ⅱ
2,5,7,2-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone-5-methoxyflavone 2,5,7,2-三羥基-6-甲氧基黃酮
(2S)-5,7,8-trihydroxyflavanone (2S)-5,7,8-三羥基黃烷酮
(2S)-2,5,6,7-tetrahydroxylflavan scutellarein (2S)-2,5,6,7-四羥基黃烷黃芩素
oroxylin A 木蝴蝶素A
scuteamoenoside 滇黃芩新甙
(2R,3R)-2,3,5,7-tetrahydrox-yflavanone (2R,3R)-2,3,5,7-四羥基黃烷酮[
  滇黃芩新素(scuteamoenin
(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanon ,(2R,3R)-3,5,7-三羥基黃烷酮-
2, 3, 5, 6, 7-pentahydroxyflavone 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-五羥基黃酮
chrysin 白楊素
β-sitosterol β-榖甾醇
Root of Scutellaria viscidula contains: 3.粘毛黃芩 根含:
baicalin 黃芩甙
wogonoside 漢黃芩甙
baicalein 黃芩素
wogonin 漢黃芩素
oroxylin A 木蝴蝶素A
neobaicalein (skullcapflavoneⅡ)  黃芩新素
panicolin 5, 2-二羥基二甲氧基黃酮(黃芩黃酮Ⅰ)
Viscidula scutellarein I, II, III 粘毛黃芩素I, II, III
4. Root of Scutellaria likiangensis Diels contains: 4.麗江黃芩 根含:
baicalein 黃芩素
wogonin 漢黃芩素
chrysin 白楊素
oroxylin A 木蝴蝶素A
tenaxin II 韌黃芩素Ⅱ
  粘千周黃芩素Ⅰ
5. Root of Scutellaria rehderiana contains: 5. 甘肅黃芩根含:
rehderianin I 甘肅黃芩素I
Viscidula scutellarein III 粘毛黃芩素III
baicalin 黃芩甙
wogonin 漢黃芩素
baicalein 黃芩素
oroxylin A 木蝴蝶素A
ganhuangenin 甘肅芩甙元
6. Root of Scutellaria hypericifolia contains: 川黃芩根含:
baicalin 黃芩甙
wogonoside 漢黃芩甙
baicalein 黃芩素
Viscidula scutellarein I, II 粘毛黃芩素I,II
oroxylin A 木蝴蝶素A
wogonin 漢黃芩素

 

Dosage:

用量:

6 to 15 g

 3~15 克。

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例:

long dan xie gan tangxiao xu ming tang,   xiao chai hu tang, e jiao huang qin tang

 龍 膽瀉肝湯, 小續命湯, 小柴胡湯阿膠黃芩湯。

Modern Research:

 to be loaded.

Cautions:

禁 忌 ﹕

not to use in case of  pixu (spleen deficient) with weak digestion.

Avoid using huang qin while on blood thinning medication.

脾 虛 ,少食,便溏者忌服。用抗凝藥時 須避免同時用黃芩。

[1] J Viral Hepat. 2013;20(7):445-452. 

[2] Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Issue 01, year 2013    河北中医, 2013年 01期

carrageenin : Any of a group of closely related colloids derived from Irish moss and several other red algae, widely used as a thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, or suspending agent in industrial, pharmaceutical, and food products. (source: American Heritage Dictionary)

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Last update: Dec 12, 2014; 11:30 p.m. LAH