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High altitude sickness (in English and Chinese 中英文)
Translated and edited by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu
The problems of high altitude adaptation is mainly caused by low air pressure. The lower oxygen in the air causes:
Then the amount of oxygen in the blood decreases, resulting with the body reaction of:
Upon acute exposure to reduced ambient pressure of oxygen, there is an increase in catecholamines release. Hyperventilation (breathing too fast) can trigger the increase of catecholamines. Among the catecholamines, norepinephrine increases progressively during rest and exercise peaking within of a week in high altitude. This increase of norepinephrine raises heart rate and blood pressure. Hyperventilation also trigger epinephrine (adrenaline) which can tighten the blood vessels and raise the blood pressure. The increase of norepinephrine and epinephrine increases sympathetic neural activity and causes the patients becoming hyper. Over production of histamine causes the over expansion of the blood vessels and causes leakage. If it leaks into the brain, it cause headache. It can also leak into the lungs. Over leaking into the lungs, the patients can die from drowning by their own liquid in the lungs.
The problems can be eliminated after going back to the original lower altitude. See climbing high mountain training.
高山適應問題主要是由於高海拔地區氣壓較低,空氣中氧份減少引起:
氧份壓下降引起肺泡氣氧份壓隨之下降,輸送到血液中的氧量減少。因此立即引起身體機能的幾方面的反應,如:
急性暴露於氧氣壓力降低 即使進行了這些身體自然的調整,也不能使新近達到高原的人發揮他們正常的生理效能。 當病人回到原來的低海拔地帶後,高海拔症候群即可改善而消失。
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