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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) γ-氨基丁酸 按此看中文
From:
http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/173/8/5298
Abstract
-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is both a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and a product of 
cells of the peripheral islets. Our previous studies, and those of others, have shown that T cells express functional GABAA receptors. However, their subunit composition and physiological relevance are unknown. In this study, we show that a subset of GABAA receptor subunits are expressed by CD4+ T cells, including the subunit that confers high affinity for GABA and sensitivity to alcohol. GABA at relatively low concentrations down-regulated effector T cell responses to cell Ags ex vivo, and administration of GABA retarded the adoptive transfer of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD/scid mice. Furthermore, treatment with low dose of GABA (600 µg daily) dramatically inhibited the development of pro-inflammatory T cell responses and disease progression in T1D-prone NOD mice that already had established autoimmunity. Finally, GABA inhibited TCR-mediated T cell cycle progression in vitro, which may underlie GABA’s therapeutic effects. The immunoinhibitory effects of GABA on T cells may contribute to the long prodromal period preceding the development of T1D, the immunological privilege of the CNS, and the regulatory effects of alcohol on immune responses. Potentially, pharmacological modulation of GABAA receptors on T cells may provide a new class of therapies for human T1D as well as other inflammatory diseases.
Annotation:
CD4 cells are a type of lymphocyte (white blood cell). They are an important part of the immune system. CD4 cells are sometimes called T-cells. There are two main types of T-cells. T-4 cells, also called CD4+, are "helper" cells. They lead the attack against infections. T-8 cells, (CD8+), are "suppressor" cells that end the immune response. CD8+ cells can also be "killer" cells that kill cancer cells and cells infected with a virus. [1]
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Non-Obese Diabetic Mice (NOD)
Adoptive transfer: The transfer of cells, like commonly lymphocytes from an immunized individual, to a non-immune recipient. But, in this case, it is referring to the causing the mice to develop type 1 diabetes.
Autoimmunity: An immune state in which antibodies are formed against the person's own body tissues.
-Aminobutyric acid: An amino acid, C4H9NO2, that is not found in proteins, but occurs in the central nervous system and is associated with the transmission of nerve impulses. It is also produced by the B cells of the pancreatic islets. See more..
γ-氨基丁酸
translated by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu
γ- 氨基丁酸（GABA），既是 一個重要的中樞神經系統抑制神經遞質，和B細胞周邊胰島的產物。我們與 其他人 以往的研究，都已證明T細胞功能表達-氨 基丁酸受體。然而，它們的亞基組成及生理意義不明。在此研究中，我們表明了GABAA 受體的表達CD4 + T 細胞，其中包括亞基 對GABA 有很高的親和力與對酒精之敏感。血管細胞在體 外培養液中，GABA 在低濃度時曾經抑制T 細胞對B 細胞之反應。并且，GABA在 較低濃度給藥時(每 天600 µg）曾經戲劇性地抑制 T 細胞的發炎反應與對自體免疫機能損壞，1型 糖尿病（T1D）非肥胖糖尿病/聯合免疫缺陷 (nod / scid)小鼠緩慢了病情的進展。最後，在體外 試驗，GABA抑制受體介 導的細胞週期進程，可以證明 γ-氨基丁酸的 療效。GABA之 免疫抑制作用對 T 細胞可能有助於延長1型 糖尿病（T1D） 前驅症狀期間 的這段時間的進展，并作用於中樞神經系統免 疫功能，並調節作用酒精 對免疫反應。藥 學上控制T 細胞 的 γ-氨基丁酸受體可能提供一類 新療法，很有可能治療人類1型 糖尿病（T1D）以及其他炎症性疾病。
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