Present Day Usage: | chymopapain for intradiscal injection in patients with documented herniated lumbar intervertebral discs |
Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Fructus Caricae papayae |
Botanical name: 學名﹕ | Carica papaya |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | mokuka (木瓜); chichiuri (乳瓜) |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | papaya |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | faan1 muk6 gwaa1 |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | Other Chinese names:wan shou guo萬壽果，Guangxi mu gua 廣西木瓜，mu dong gua 木冬瓜，shi gua 石瓜，ru gua 乳瓜，fan gua 番瓜，feng sheng gua 蓬生瓜，mu gua 木瓜。 Other non Chinese names: beti petik, chich put, gandul, katela gantung, kates, kaunagaci, kepaya, kuntaia, lichoso, lohong si phle, mapaza, papiller, papaw, papaye, papayer, pepol, tinti. |
Common Name: 英文名﹕ | papaya |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | throughout tropical and subtropical zones. 産於熱帶與亞熱帶地區。 |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | slightly cold, sweet. 微寒，味甘 |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | liver, spleen. 肝，脾。 |
Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | Fruit: digestive enzyme effect, promotes lactation Antibiotic effect [1] Fruit and seed possess contraceptive and abortifacient effect. Leaves: cardiac stimulatingeffect, diuretic effects, and anti-tumor [3] effect. 果有消食健胃，滋補催乳作用 抗菌作用。抗細菌與真菌 [1] 番木瓜與種子有避孕與促進流産作用 葉有強心﹐消腫作用; 但所 含的番木瓜鹼對中樞神經有麻痺作用，大量服吃會造成呼吸麻痺與心臟障礙。 |
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | Fruit: pain in uterus, diarrhea, weak digestion, lack of appetite, lack of milk production, arthritis, numbness in limbs, cystitis, enlargement of prostate, ulcers of stomach and duodenum. Leaves: cardiac stimulating effect. being used in edema, metabolic diseases; in skin ulcer or swelling (smash and apply on affected areas) See Toxicity & Cautions item. 子宮痛，痢疾，脾胃虛弱，食欲不振，乳汁缺少，風濕關節疼痛，肢體麻木，膀胱發炎，前列 腺擴大，胃，十二指腸潰 瘍疼痛。 葉有強心﹐消腫作用。用于水腫，新陳代 謝病症。外用於潰瘍，消腫 。看毒素與禁忌條。 |
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | alkaloids 生物鹼-- 1,300-4,000 ppm in leaves (葉) butanoic acid 丁烷 酸 (丁酸)-- as much as 1.2mg/kg in fruit pulp (果漿多至1.2mg/kg ) methyl butanoate 丁酸甲酯-- as much as 18% of the volatile components in the fruit (果肉中多至揮發油之18%)) carpaine 番木瓜鹼(蘋果 酸番木瓜鹼)-- leaves (1,000-1,500 ppm), bark, roots, and seeds (樹皮﹐根﹐種子) dehydrocarpaines 去水 番木瓜鹼-- 1,000 ppm in leaves (葉) pseudocarpaine 假 番木瓜鹼-- 100 ppm in leaves (葉) chymopapain-a and b 糜木瓜酶 a 與 b latex 乳膠 exudate 滲出液 flavonols 黃烷醇-- 0-2,000 ppm in leaves (葉) benzyl glucosinolate 苯芥子油苷-- found in all parts of the plant, but highest in young leaves (尤其嫩葉中) linalool 芳樟醇-- as much as 94% of the volatile components in the fruit (果) cis- and trans-linalool oxide -- fruit alpha-linolenic acid α-亞麻油酸-- 250-2,238 ppm in fruit (果) nicotine papain 木瓜蛋白脢-- fruit and 53,000 ppm in latex and exudate alpha-phellandrene a-水芹烯-- fruit (果) tannins 鞣質-- 5,000-6,000 ppm in leaves alpha-terpinene α-松油烯-- fruit (果) gamma-terpinene γ-松油烯-- fruit (果) 4-terpineol 4-松油 醇-- fruit (果) terpinolene 異松油烯 -- fruit (果) methyl-thiocyanate 硫氰酸甲酯 benzyl-isothiocyanate 苯硫氰酸苄酯
Source﹕ USDA Phytochemical Ethnobiological Databases. Chinese terms translated by: Joe Hing kwok Chu 以上化學成份來源: 美國農業部﹐植物化學與民族植物學數據庫。朱 興國翻譯。 尤其未熟果實含較多番木瓜蛋白脢。葉含番木瓜鹼。 成熟果實含水分90%，糖5～6%，少量的酒石酸，枸橡酸，蘋果酸番木瓜鹼(Carpaine)， 番木瓜蛋白脢(Papain)，凝乳脢(Rennin)。等。糖包括葡萄糖和果糖各2.5%，蔗糖1.0%。尚富含維生素，主為維生素C及A的前 體 ，包括b-胡蘿蔔素，隱黃素(cryptoxanthin即 caricaxanthin)，蝴蝶梅黃質(violaxanthin)及其棕 櫚酸 酯。未熟果實含番木瓜蛋白脢(papain)。 葉含番木瓜鹼 (carpaine，C14H25O2N， 嫩葉中0.28%，老葉中0.07%)及番木瓜式(carposide)，膽鹼等。 種子含脂肪油25%，主要為油酸甘油酯及棕櫚酸甘油酯，異硫氰酸苄酯(benzylo isothiocyanate)，番木瓜(Carposide)等。此外，本植物尚含番木瓜酸(Carpanic acid)等。 以上中文化學成份來源﹕http://www2.cmu.edu.tw/~cmcscmr/index/plantsdb/data/CPL.htm |
Dosage: 用量﹕ | Use as fruit. 當水果吃。 |
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | Ripe papayas are eaten as fruit. Immature papayas and young leaves can be use as squash for cooking. See toxicity and cautions item.看毒素與禁忌條。 成熟番木瓜可當水果吃。未成熟的番木瓜或嫩葉可以當蔬菜煮熟吃。看毒素與禁忌條。 |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | Water extract of papaya leaves possesses anti-cancer effect.【2】 木瓜葉的水提液體有治癌作用。【2】 |
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕ | the leaves contain large amount of carpaine that possesses the effect of paralyzing the CNS. Large amount can cause difficulty in breathing and obstructing the function of the heart. Sap of raw papaya can cause skin allergy in some people. Excessive consumption of papaya can cause carotenaemia which is yellowish color of the palms and soles but the condition is deemed harmless. 番木瓜葉含番木瓜鹼對中樞神經有麻痺作用，大量服吃會造成呼吸麻痺與心臟障礙。 生番木瓜的排出液對一些人會導致敏感。 番木瓜吃得太多會引起胡蘿蔔素血症。胡蘿蔔素黄色現於手掌與足掌心，但一般認為對健康不會有妨礙。 |
