Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥名：

Radix Panacis Quinquefolii

Biological name:

拉丁植物學名：

Panax quinquefolium L.

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音：

seiyojin

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音：

soyangsam

Pron. in Cantonese:

粤語發音：

faa1 kei4 sam1，sai1 joeng4 sam1.

Common Name:

英文名：

American ginseng

Other Names:

別名：

Distribution:

分佈：

Appalachia, Wisconsin,  Canada, Northeastern China, France

美國東部，美國威斯康辛州，加拿大，中國東 北，法國。

Properties (characteristics)：

性味：

Sweet, slightly bitter, cool. Compared to Korean and Chinese ginseng, American ginseng is relatively cool.

甘，微苦，寒。比起韓國 與中國人参西洋参較寒凉。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經：

Heart, Lung, Kidney

心，肺，腎。

Actions & Indications:

主治：

Tonic for lungs yin, clear fire of weakness, promote saliva, quench thirst, heal deficiency of lungs and chronic cough, loss of blood, dry mouth and thirst, tiredness and unrest, chronic fever resulting in weakness

功 能﹕補 陰

應 用於﹕

內 熱 旺 盛 ， 導 致 喉 乾 舌 紅 ﹐ 口 腔 易 破 ﹐ 唇 角 生 熱 瘡 ﹐牙 齦 發 炎 ﹐ 腫 脹 ，  出 血﹐失血﹐肺虛長期咳嗽﹐發熱﹐長期發熱導致身體衰弱。

Medical Function:

藥理：

1. Affect central nervous system. Calm down the brain. Moderate stimulation of CNS.

2. Adjust the body function towards external stimulation. Resist lack of oxygen and fatigue. Anti strong stimuli, e.g., extreme heat. Anti shock.

3. Improve blood circulation to the heart.

4. Improve immune system.

5. Other effects. It can increase DNA and RNA of the liver, and can resist the damage of the DNA of the spleen. It promotes urination. It can increase the cAMP of the tumors of collagen of nerves. 

6. Toxicity is very low.

7.  Its chemical ginsenosides can facilitate penile erection by directly inducing the vasodilatation [1]

總皂甙（含量為5%～10%）是花旗參的主 要藥理成分，與人參相似，但是比例有所不同。它們的總皂甙的藥理作用也基本相同，只是人參總皂甙側重抗利尿和抗疲勞，而花旗參總皂甙側重 利尿與鎮靜。
　　1．對心血管系統：改善心肌功能，抗缺血；抗心律失常；抗休克；抗動脈硬化。
　　2．增強體質：抗缺氧；抗疲勞；耐高溫；耐寒；耐飢渴。
3．振作精神，補充腦力
4．加速手術或病後復原
　　5．促進造血。
　　6．鎮靜。
　　7．降血糖，預防糖尿病。
　　8．增強免疫力。

5.其他功能: 它可以增加肝臟的DNA和RNA，並能抑制脾的DNA損傷。它促進排尿。它可以增加膠原蛋白的神經腫瘤的cAMP。

6. 毒性低.

7. 其化學成份之一, 人參皂甙, 能使血管擴張而使陰莖挺起 [1]

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份：

Evaporating Ingredients: octanol, hexanoic acid, undecane, pinocarveol, octanoic acid, dodecane, 3-phenylhexane, 1-phenylhexane, pulegone, [2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) -phenol], 1, 3, 5- triisopropylphene, Beta-gurjunene, piperitene, Beta-farnesene, alpha-curcumene, alpha-cedrene, 2, 6-diterbutyl-4-methylphenol, Beta-bisabolene, Beta-caryophyllene, 3-phenyldecane, hexadecane, 6-phenylundecane, 4-phenglundecane, 3-phenylundecane, 6-phenyldodecane, 5-phenyldodecane, 4-phenyldodecane, 3-phenyldodecane, 2-phenyldodecane, 5-phenyltridecane, 4-phenyltridecane, 3-cyclohexyldodecane.

2. Ginseng Saponins: ginsenoside -R0, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg1, -Rg2, -Rg3, -Rh1, -RA0, quinquenoside R1, gypenoside X1, F3, F11.

3. Organic Acids: caproic acid, heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, nonanoic acid, palmitic acid, n-heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, 8-methyl capric acid, oleanoic acid.

4. 17 Carbon Atom Compounds: PQ-1, PQ-2, PQ-3.

5. Sugars: sucrose, panose, ginsengtrisaccharide, karusan A, B, C, D, E

6. Amino Acids: More than 16 kinds. The main root contains 5.932% of amino acids. The fine hair-like root contains 7.737% of amino acids. It has less than 1% free amino acids. Roots of different ages contain different amounts.

7. Trace Minerals: American ginseng grown in different areas has different kinds of trace minerals.

8. Others: Daucosterol, stigmastenol, stimast-3, 5-dien-7-one.

Per day dosage:

每日用量：

1.5 - 30 g

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例：

To be uploaded

Modern Application:

現代應用：

   1. For people with cancer of the nose and throat who are taking radiation therapy: Boil 3 g in water. Consume in one day.  Begin this dosage 20 days before treatment and continue during the therapy to reduce dryness of the mouth and lack of appetite.

2. For acute myocardial infarction: Using manufactured formula of the leaves and stems of American Ginseng (Qiang xin #1), taking 40 mg 3x a day, treating 13 patients, they improved PEP/LVETF, and EF. (Improved the function of the heart.)

用放射線治療的鼻咽喉癌症患者: 西洋參3克 。水煎。作一日量。治療前20天開始服用。治療期間繼續服用可以減低口乾與可增加食慾。

急性心肌梗塞: 用成藥强心一號 （西洋参 ，葉與莖之制品），每日三次，每次40mg. 治療13個病人。PEP/LVETF 與EF都有進步。

Cautions:

禁忌：

There are some cases of allergic reaction to American ginseng. Not to use in cases of yangxu (yang deficient) and qixu (qi deficient), or pixu (spleen deficient) or during period of infection.

Not to use in children where growth is slow, bad digestion or during infection.