Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Rhizoma Bistortae
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Polygonum bistorta L. Polygonum Lapidosum Kitag.
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕
Other Names: 別名﹕	zi shen 紫參，quan shen 拳參，zi shen 紫參，shan xia 山蝦，dao gen cao 倒根草。
Common Name: 英文名﹕	meadow bistort
Distribution: 產地﹕	Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan provinces of China. 分佈於遼寧，河北，山西，內蒙古，陝西，甘肅，寧夏，新疆，山東，江蘇，安徽，浙江，河南，湖北，湖南等地。
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	bitter, tart, slightly cold. 味苦，澀，性微寒。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Being used in enteritis, dysentery, hepatitis.  External application: for ulcers in the mouth or throat. 有清熱，解毒，收斂的功用。用於腸炎，痢疾，肝炎。外治口腔糜爛，咽喉潰瘍。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	The rhizome contains 8.7 to 25% of tannin, 12 to 45.81% of starch, 5.7 to 7.5% of sugar and pectin, rubber, sticky substances, and resin etc. 拳參根莖含鞣質8.7～25.0%，澱粉12～45.81%，糖類5.7～7.5%，及果膠，樹膠，粘液質，樹脂等。 鞣質中，有可水解鞣質和縮合鞣質，尚有沒食子酸，並沒食子酸，D-兒茶酚，L-表兒茶酚，6-沒食子酰葡萄糖和3，6-二沒食子酰葡萄糖。 另含葡萄糖和β-谷甾醇的異構體。 葉含鞣質5～10%，莖中則僅為痕量
Dosage: 用量﹕	4.5 to 9 g. External application: use appropriate amount 4.5～9g。外用適量，煎湯含漱。
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕

Note:

quan shen is not qi ye yi zhi hua and also is not chong lou.

qi ye yi zhi hua is the rhizome of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara

chong lou is the rhizome of  Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. Mazz.

quan shen is the rhizome of  Polygonum bistorta L. 或 Polygonum Lapidosum Kitag.

註：

拳参不是 七葉一枝花也不是重樓。

七葉一枝花 是 Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara 的根莖。

拳参是 Polygonum bistorta L. 或 Polygonum Lapidosum Kitag. 的根莖。

重 樓 是 Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. Mazz. 的根莖。