Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Ramulus Sambuci Williamsii
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Sambucus williamsii Hance
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	にわとこ
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕
Other Names: 別名﹕	gong dao lao 公道老﹐qian qian huo 扦扦活﹐ma niao sao 馬 尿 騷 ﹐da jie gu dan (Shaanxi) 大接骨丹[陝 西 ] jiu jie feng  (Yunnan), 九節 風 [云 南 ]
Common Name: 英文名﹕	red-berried elder tree
Distribution: 產地﹕
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	sweet, bitter, neutral, slightly toxic. 甘﹐苦﹐平﹐ 有小毒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	liver. 肝
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	The leaf is emetic and is used in the treatment of ague fits, serving to break the fit [2] The flowers are diaphoretic (promote sweating) [2] The flowers are diuretic [2] Whole plant is diuretic [3] The juice of the stem is emetic (induces nausea and vomiting )[2]. A decoction of the root is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis[2]. Pain relieving﹕ decoction of jie gu mu (raw herb) 20g/kg for lavage, is effective for pain relieving in mice (hot plate method). Its effect is not as strong as morphine but stronger than Metamizole Sodium. After medication, the mice became calm. [1] The plant is anodyne (pain relieving) and carminative (relieves and removes gas from the digestive system) [2]. The plant has insecticidal properties [2] Increases bone mass of ovariectomized (OVX) rats.   葉 有 退 寒 熱 作 用 [2] 花 有 發 汗 作 用 [2] 莖 之 汁 有 催 嘔 作 用 。[2] 鎮 痛 ﹐鎮 静作用 　接骨木煎劑 20g（生藥 ）/kg 灌胃，對 小鼠有鎮 痛作用（熱 板法），作用强度次于嗎 啡 ，優 于 安乃近 ，服藥 後 小鼠呈安静狀 態 [1]。 鎮 痛﹐  驅 消 化 道 之 脹 氣 。 [2] 利尿﹕   接骨木對 小鼠有顯 著的利尿作用[3] 花 有利尿作 用 [2] 抗病毒作用﹕ 對 乙型腦 炎病毒及腦 髓心肌炎病毒也有抑制作用[3]。 根 的 煎 劑 對 風 濕 病 有 效  [2] 增 加 切 除 卵巢之 大  鼠 之 骨 質 硬 度 。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	For treatment of broken bones, injuries from impacts, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, acute and chronic nephritis。  External use: for arresting bleeding in external injuries. 接骨 續 筋，活血止痛，止 痛  利 風 濕 。用于骨折，跌打損 傷 ，風 濕性關 節 炎 ，痛風 ，急﹐慢性腎 臟 炎；外用治創 傷 出血。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕
Dosage: 用量﹕	Internal usage: 16  to 38 g.  External usage: use appropriate amount. 0.5～1两；外用適 量 。
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕	nephritis with edema : jie gu mu 10 to 15 g. Make into decoction and use as tea. swelling from impact injuries: use  appropriate amount of jie gu mu and rub until soft. Mix with alcohol and tir fry it in a pan till warm. Apply to affected areas. Replace when cold.   腎 臟 炎水 腫 ﹕    接骨木10－15克，水煎服。  跌打腫痛 ﹕  接骨木葉 適 量 搓軟 ，調 酒，放 鍋 内炒熱 擦患處 。 冷則 再炒，重 複 數 次 。
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	When eaten raw may cause upset stomach. 不能生食。煮過可以使毒素消失。