Present day applications: 現代應用﹕	For treatment of: illnesses of digestive system cardio-vascular diseases auto-immune system and connective tissue diseases external injuries nervous system gynecological diseases pediatric diseases skin diseases eye diseases ear, nose and throat diseases mouth cavity diseases (Details to be loaded)
Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Flores Caryophylli
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Eugenia caryophyllata, Caryophyllus aromaticus
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	Chōji, Choji, Kurobu
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	eonghyang, Chonghyang,
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	ding1 hoeng1
Other Names: 別名﹕	ding zi xiang 丁子香、gong ding xiang 公丁香、mu ding xiang 母丁香、ji she xiang 雞舌香。
Common Name: 英文名﹕
Distribution: 產地﹕	Clove is widely cultivated in Madagascar, Zanzibar,Indonesia (especially in in Maluku Islands, also known as Spice Islands) , Sri-Lanka,  Tanzania﹐Malaysia﹐Brazil﹐ and Tibet, Guangxi provinces of China. 主產地：印尼的馬魯姑群島，(亦曾經被歐洲人稱香料島 Spice Islands）﹐ 桑基巴群島﹐坦尚尼亞﹐馬達加斯加島，馬來西亞、錫蘭等地。 中國西藏、廣西等省。
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	acrid, warm. 味辛，性溫
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	spleen, lung, stomach, kidney. 脾、肺、胃、腎經。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	Taken internally, it promotes afflux of the stomach mucus, increases stomach secretion, stimulates the gastric nerves, increases peristalsis, absorbing nutrients, 內服能使胃粘膜充血，促胃液之分泌﹐刺激胃腸神經，使蠕動增加。吸收養份入血，能收血中之氧，增加白血球數，使大腦及主要神經受刺淚而興奮，亢進心跳。能抑制霍亂菌。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	For cold and pain in the stomach, hiccups, vomiting: often used with shi ti (persimmon stems). For vomiting, often used with ban xia. (Not to use in cases of vomiting with heat syndromes). For pain in the stomach and solar plexus: often used with rou gui. For impotence, weak legs, or vagina yeast infection, often used with fu zi, rou gui, xiao hui xiang, ba ji tian, rou cong rong. For lymphatic tumors, injuries from impacts use ding gui san: ding xiang, rou gui equal amount, make into powder. Apply on affected part. For fungal infection of the body or feet, make alcohol extract of ding xiang or water decoction. Apply on the affect parts.   用于胃腹冷痛、呃逆、嘔吐等症治呃逆，常與降氣止呃的柿蒂配伍；治嘔吐，可與降逆止嘔的半夏同用。因本品性溫，不宜應用於胃熱嘔呃 。 用於脘腹疼痛常與肉桂等同用。 用於腎陽不足、陽萎、腳弱及寒濕帶下等症。 常與附子、肉桂、小茴香、巴戟天、肉蓯蓉等同用。 陰疽、跌打損傷﹐常用丁桂散﹕丁香與肉桂等分，共研細末，外用於患處。 將丁香用酒精浸泡或煎蒸，將浸出液體或煎液塗抹於皮膚患處, 治療體癬及足癬。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	eugenol ( C10H12C2) , 70 -85% of total evaporating oil 丁香油酚(C10H12C2) 佔 全揮發油之 70 ~ 85% acetyl eugenol (eugenol acetate) (CH3COOC10H11O) 乙醯丁香油酚 (CH3COOC10H11O) caryophyllene (C15H24) 丁香烯 (C15H24)     eugenin 番櫻桃素 eugenitin 番櫻桃素亭 isoeugenitin 異番櫻桃素亭 isoeugenitol 異番櫻桃素酚 eugenilin 丁香英 oleanolic acid 齊墩果酸 rhamnetin 鼠李素 kaempherol 山奈酚
Dosage: 用量﹕	1-3 g
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕	ding xiang shi di tang (Source: ji sheng fang) Application: hiccups Composition: ding xiang 2 g, shi di 2 g,  3 g, gan jiang2 g. Make into decoction. Make into 2 servings for one day dosage.   丁香柿蒂湯： (濟生方) 主治﹕呃逆 組成﹕丁香2克，柿蒂 3克，人 參 3克， 乾 薑2克，作煎劑，一日二回分服。
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	large dosages can be toxic to the kidneys. 大劑量可能對腎臟有毒。